I-Chemotherapy kunye neZiphumo zayo ebezingalindelekanga kwiCancer

Iimbalasane

I-Chemotherapy yeyona nto iphambili kunyango lomhlaza kunye nonyango lokuqala lokukhetha uninzi lomhlaza njengoko luxhaswe zizikhokelo zeklinikhi kunye nobungqina. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kwezonyango kunye nokuphucuka kwenani labasindileyo bomhlaza kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo, ixesha elifutshane kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-chemotherapy zihlala ziyinto exhalabisayo kwizigulana nakwiiklinikhi. Ukukhetha isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nezongezelelo zesondlo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Yintoni i-Chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy luhlobo lwe umhlaza unyango olusebenzisa amachiza ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza. Ikwangumgca wokuqala wonyango olukhethiweyo kuninzi lomhlaza njengoko luxhaswa zizikhokelo zeklinikhi kunye nobungqina.

I-Chemotherapy yayingeyonjongo yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunyango lomhlaza. Ngapha koko, yafunyanwa ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi xa abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba igesi ye-nitrogen yemastadi yabulala inani elikhulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuqhubeka kophando malunga nokuba kungayekisa ukukhula kwezinye iiseli zomhlaza ezahlula ngokukhawuleza. Ngophando olungaphezulu, ulingo, kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi, ichemotherapy iguqukile yanamhlanje.

Amachiza amachiza e-chemotherapy ahlukeneyo aneendlela ezithile zokwenza izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukujolisa kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. La machiza e-chemotherapy amiselwe:

• mhlawumbi ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa ubungakanani bethumba elikhulu;
• ukucothisa nje ngokubanzi ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza;
• ukunyanga umhlaza osasazeke kwaye usasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba; okanye
• ukuphelisa nokucoca zonke iiseli ezinomhlaza kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda ukubuyela umva kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.

Namhlanje, zingaphezulu kwe-100 iziyobisi zamachiza ezivunyiweyo kwaye ziyafumaneka kwintengiso yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamachiza e-chemotherapy zibandakanya ii-alkylating agents, ii-antimetabolites, ii-alkaloids zezityalo, ii-antitumor antibiotics kunye ne-topoisomerase inhibitors. I-oncologist ithatha isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ichiza le-chemotherapy eliza kusetyenziswa kunyango lwesigulana somhlaza esekwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza
• indawo yomhlaza
• iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo zesigulana
• ubudala besigulana kunye nempilo ngokubanzi

Iziphumo zeChemotherapy Side

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kwezonyango kunye nokuphucuka kwenani labasindileyo bomhlaza kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga anti-umhlaza I-chemotherapy ihlala ingumthombo ophambili wokukhathalela abaguli kunye neeklinikhi. Kuxhomekeke kudidi kunye nobungakanani bonyango, i-chemotherapy inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wobomi besigulana esinomhlaza.

Iziphumo eziPhakathi zeXesha elifutshane

I-Chemotherapy ikakhulu yonakalisa iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza. Amalungu ahlukeneyo emizimba yethu apho iiseli eziqhelekileyo ezisempilweni zahlulahlulahlula zihlala zichaphazeleka kakhulu kunyango lwe-chemotherapy. Iinwele, umlomo, ulusu, amathumbu kunye nomongo wethambo zihlala zichaphazeleka kumachiza e-chemotherapy.

Iziphumo zexesha elifutshane ze-chemotherapy ezibonwe kwizigulana ezinomhlaza zibandakanya:

• ukulahleka kweenwele
• isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza
• ukulahleka kwesidlo
• ukuqhina okanye urhudo
• ukukhathala
• ugwayi 
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ulusu luyatshintsha
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Ubuhlungu
• i-esophagitis (ukudumba kwe-esophagus ekhokelela ekuginyeni ubunzima)
• izilonda zomlomo
• iingxaki zezintso kunye nesinyi
• i-anemia (ukunciphisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi)
• usulelo
• iingxaki zokuvala igazi
• ukwanda kwegazi kunye nokugruzuka
• i-neutropenia (imeko ngenxa yenqanaba eliphantsi le-neutrophils, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi)

Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kwaye ukusuka kwi-chemo ukuya kwi-chemo. Kwisigulana esinye, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka kuyo yonke ikhosi ye-chemotherapy. Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zichaphazela impilo yomzimba kunye nokuba sempilweni ngokweemvakalelo kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. 

Iziphumo zexesha elide

Ngokusetyenziswa okubanzi konyango lwe-chemotherapy kumaqela ahlukeneyo ezigulana ezinomhlaza, iityhefu ezinxulunyaniswa nezi chemotherapies zimiselwe kakuhle ezinje chemotherapies esekwe kwiplatinam qhubeka ukwanda. Yiyo loo nto, ngaphandle kwayo yonke inkqubela phambili kwezonyango, uninzi lwabantu abasindileyo abanomhlaza bagqibela ngokujongana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide kunyango lwe-chemotherapy, nkqu nakwiminyaka eliqela emva konyango. Ngokwe-National Pediatric Cancer Foundation, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-95% yabasindileyo bomhlaza wabantwana baya kuba nemicimbi ebalulekileyo enxulumene nezempilo xa beneminyaka engama-45 ubudala, enokuba sisiphumo sonyango lwabo lwangaphambili lomhlaza (https: //nationalpcf.org/facts-about-childhood-cancer/). 

Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi zenziwe kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kunye nabasindileyo beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezinje ngomhlaza wamabele, umhlaza webele kunye ne-lymphoma ukuvavanya umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide kunyango lwabo lomhlaza. Izifundo zonyango ezenziwa kuvavanyo lwempembelelo yechemotherapy kubantu abasindileyo abanomhlaza zishwankathelwe ngezantsi.

Izifundo kwiziphumo zexesha elide zeChemotherapy

Umngcipheko weCancer yesiBini

Ngonyango lwanamhlanje lomhlaza usebenzisa i-chemotherapy okanye i-radiotherapy, nangona amazinga okusinda amathumba eqinile ephucukile, umngcipheko wokunyangwa ngumhlaza wesekondari (enye yeempembelelo zexesha elide ze-chemotherapy) nayo inyukile. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba unyango lwe-chemotherapy olugqithisileyo lonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana umhlaza wesibini emva kokuba ungenawo umhlaza ngamanye amaxesha. 

Uphononongo olwenziwe liZiko loMhlaza weSizwe lahlalutya ngokusondeleyo idatha kwizigulana ezingaphezu kwe-700,000 ezinesifo somhlaza esiqinileyo. Ezi zigulana zaqala ukufumana ichemotherapy ukusukela ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2013 kwaye zaphila iminyaka eli-1 ubuncinci emva kokuxilongwa. Babeneminyaka ephakathi kwama-20 nama-84 ubudala. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba umngcipheko wonyango olunxulumene ne-myelodysplastic syndrome (tMDS) kunye ne-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) "inyuke ukusuka kwisi-1.5 ukuya ngaphezulu kweshumi nge-10 kuma-22 eentlobo zomhlaza eziqinisekisiweyo" . (Morton L okqhubekayo, JAMA Oncology. Ngomhla wama-20, 2018) 

Olunye uphononongo lwenziwe kutshanje ngabaphandi abasuka kwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota Medical School ngaphezulu kwama-20,000 21 abasinde kumhlaza wabantwana. Aba basindileyo baqala ukufunyanwa benomhlaza xa babeneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-1970 ubudala, phakathi kuka-1999-2.8 kwaye baphathwa nge-chemotherapy / i-radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation. Olu phononongo luveze ukuba abo basindileyo baphathwa nge-chemotherapy bodwa, ngakumbi abo baphathwa ngamayeza aphezulu eeplatinam kunye neearhente ze-alkylating, babenezithuba ezingama-2019 ezonyusa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza esibuhlungu xa kuthelekiswa noluntu ngokubanzi. (I-Turcotte LM okqhubekayo, J Clin Oncol., XNUMX) 

Olunye uphononongo lwenziwa kwaye lwapapashwa kwi-2016 eyavavanya idatha evela kwi-3,768 yabasetyhini ababhinqileyo abanomhlaza we-leukemia okanye abasindileyo bomhlaza wesarcoma ngaphandle kwembali yesifuba sonyango. Abasindileyo bomhlaza babephathwa ngaphambili ngeedosi ezandayo ze-cyclophosphamide okanye i-anthracyclines. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba aba basindileyo banxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele. (Henderson TO et al., J Ikliniki Oncol., 2016)

Kwisifundo esahlukileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantu abane-Hodgkin's Lymphoma basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umhlaza wesibini emva kwonyango lweradiotherapy. I-Hodgkin's Lymphoma ngumhlaza we-lymphatic system eyinxalenye yomzimba yokuzikhusela. (UPetrakova K okqhubekayo, Int J Clin Pract. 2018)

Kananjalo, ngelixa kukho inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphumelela kwabasetyhini abanomhlaza wamabele, umngcipheko wokukhula kwesibini samathumba amabi kunyango lwonyango nawo unyuke kakhulu (Wei JL okqhubekayo, Int J Clin Oncol. 2019).

Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba umhlaza wobuntwana ophathwa ngamayeza aphezulu anyukayo e-chemotherapy efana ne-cyclophosphamide okanye i-anthracyclines zijongana nomngcipheko okhulayo wempembelelo yexesha elide yokuphuhliswa komhlaza olandelayo.  

Umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo

Olunye uhlangothi lwempembelelo ye-chemotherapy yi-cardiovascular or heart disease. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kumaxhoba omhlaza wamabele, iminyaka emva kokuchongwa kokuqala kunye nonyango lomhlaza wabo. Ukusilela kwentliziyo yokuxinana yimeko engapheliyo eyenzekayo xa intliziyo ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi emzimbeni ngokufanelekileyo.

Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, abaphandi baseKorea baphonononge ukwenzeka rhoqo kunye nezinto ezinobungozi ezinxulunyaniswa nokusilela kwentliziyo (CHF) kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wamabele ezisinde ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 emva kokufunyaniswa komhlaza. Olu phononongo lwenziwe kunye neDatabase yeSizwe yoLwazi ngezeMpilo eMzantsi Korea kwaye ibandakanya idatha evela kuma-91,227 amatyala asindileyo omhlaza wamabele phakathi kuka-2007 no-2013. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba:

• Umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo yokuxinana wawuphezulu kumaxhoba omhlaza wamabele, ngakumbi kumaxhoba aselula aneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50, kunolawulo. 
• Abasindileyo bomhlaza ababephathwa ngaphambili ngamayeza e-chemotherapy njenge-anthracyclines (epirubicin okanye doxorubicin) kunye neeteksi (docetaxel okanye paclitaxel) babonisa umngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wezifo zentliziyo (U-Lee J okqhubekayo, Umhlaza, 2020). 

Kwisifundo esahlukileyo esenziwe yiYunivesithi yasePaulista State (UNESP), eBrazil, abaphandi bavavanye umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa neengxaki zentliziyo kubantu abasindileyo abanomhlaza wamabele. Baqhathanisa idatha evela kuma-96 abasindileyo abanomdlavuza webele ababeneminyaka engaphezu kwe-45 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-192 emva kokuya esikhathini ababengenomdlavuza webele. Olu pho nonongo luqukumbele ngelithi abasetyhini abasele kumhlaza webele banobudlelwane obomeleleyo kunye nemingcipheko yesifo sentliziyo kunye nokunyuka kokutyeba esiswini xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abasemva kokubeleka ngaphandle kwembali yomhlaza wamabele (I-Buttros DAB okqhubekayo, iMenopause, i-2019).

Kuphononongo olupapashwe nguGqirha Carolyn Larsel kunye neqela laseMayo Clinic, eUnited States, bahlalutye idatha esuka kumhlaza webele we-900 + okanye kwizigulana ze-lymphoma ezivela e-Olmsted County, eUnited States. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba umhlaza webele kunye nezigulana ezinesifo se-lymphoma zisengozini enkulu yokusilela kwentliziyo emva konyaka wokuqala wokuxilongwa owaqhubeka ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abaguli abanyangwe ngeDoxorubicin babenomngcipheko ophindwe kabini wokusilela kwentliziyo xa kuthelekiswa nolunye unyango. (UCarolyn Larsen okqhubekayo, Ijenali yeAmerican College of Cardiology, Matshi 2018)

Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zimisela inyani yokuba ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza zinokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokukhula kweengxaki zentliziyo kumaxhoba omhlaza ahlukeneyo nakwiminyaka eliqela emva kokuxilongwa nokunyangwa.

Umngcipheko wezifo zemiphunga

Izifo zemiphunga okanye iingxaki zemiphunga nazo ziyasekwa njengempembelelo yexesha elide yechemotherapy. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba abasindileyo abanomhlaza wobuntwana banezifo eziphezulu zemiphunga / iingxaki ezinje ngokukhohlela okungapheliyo, isifuba kunye nenyumoniya ephindaphindayo njengabantu abadala kwaye umngcipheko wawumkhulu xa unyangwa ngemitha ebudaleni.

Kwisifundo esapapashwa yiAmerican Cancer Society, abaphandi bahlalutya idatha evela kuPhononongo loMntu oSinde kwiCancer yoMntwana oye wavavanya abantu abaye basinda ubuncinci kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokufumanisa isifo somhlaza njenge-leukemia, i-central system ye-malignancies kunye ne-neuroblastomas. Ngokusekwe kwidatha evela kwizigulana ezingaphezulu kwe-14,000, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-45, isiganeko esonyukayo sayo nayiphi na imeko ye-pulmonary yayiyi-29.6% yabasindileyo bomhlaza kunye ne-26.5% yabantakwabo. Baye bagqiba kwelokuba ubunzima be-pulmonary / lung bukhulu kakhulu kubantu abadala abasindayo kumhlaza wabantwana kwaye bunokuchaphazela imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. (UDietz AC okqhubekayo, uMhlaza, 2016).

Kolunye uphononongo olwenziwe ngabaphandi abasuka kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia eNew York, benze uvavanyo olufanayo ngokusekwe kwidatha evela kubantwana abangama-61 abafumana imitha yemiphunga kwaye benze uvavanyo lwemiphunga. Bafumene ulungelelwaniso oluthe ngqo olubonisa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga / kwemiphunga kuxhaphakile phakathi kwabasindileyo bomhlaza wabantwana abafumana imitha kwimiphunga njengenxalenye yonyango lwabo. Abaphandi baphinde babona ukuba kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga / kwemiphunga xa unyango lwalusenziwa ngeminyaka yobudala ngenxa yokungakhuli (uFatima Khan okqhubekayo, Inkqubela phambili kwiRadiation Oncology, 2019).

Ukwazi umngcipheko kunyango olunobukrakra njenge-chemotherapy, uluntu lwezonyango lunokuqhubeka nokwandisa unyango lomhlaza ebantwaneni ukunqanda le miphumo mibi kwixesha elizayo. Iimpawu zobunzima bemiphunga kufuneka zijongwe ngokusondeleyo kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuzithintela. 

Umngcipheko weStrowuku esilandelayo

Uvavanyo lwedatha oluvela kwizifundo ezizimeleyo zeklinikhi lubonisa ukuba abasindileyo abanomhlaza abaye bafumana unyango lwe-radiation okanye unyango lwe-chemotherapy banokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. 

Kwisifundo esenziwe ngabaphandi eMzantsi Korea, baphonononge idatha yezigulana ezinomhlaza ezingama-20,707 ezivela kwinkonzo ye-Inshurensi yezeMpilo yaseKorea yeSizwe yeSampulu yedatha phakathi kwe2002-2015. Bafumene umanyano olungileyo lomngcipheko ophezulu wokubetha kwizigulana ezinomhlaza xa kuthelekiswa nezigulana ezingengomhlaza. Unyango lweChemotherapy lwalunxulunyaniswa nokuzimela kunye nomngcipheko owandayo wokubethwa. Umngcipheko wawuphezulu kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wamalungu okwetyisa, umhlaza wokuphefumla kunye nabanye abanjengomhlaza wamabele kunye nomhlaza wamalungu okuzala abesilisa nabasetyhini. Uphononongo luphelile ukuba umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo somhlaza kwizigulana ezinomhlaza unyuke kwiminyaka emi-3 emva kokuchongwa kwaye lo mngcipheko uqhubeke de kwaba li-7 iminyaka yokulandela. (UJang HS okqhubekayo, ngaphambili. Neurol, 2019)

Isifundo esenziwe yiXiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China, did a meta-analysis of 12 listed retrospective independent recripective studies studies between 1990 to 2017, with 57,881 total patients, abaye baphathwa ngonyango lwemitha. Uhlalutyo luveze umngcipheko ophakamileyo wokuhlaselwa sisifo somhlaza kubantu abasindileyo abanikwe unyango ngemitha xa kuthelekiswa nalawo angakhange anyangwe ngonyango lwemitha. Bafumanise ukuba umngcipheko ubuphezulu kunyango lwe-radiotherapy oluphatha abaguli abane-Hodgkin's lymphoma kunye nentloko, intamo, ingqondo okanye umhlaza womhlaza. Lo mbutho wonyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-stroke kwafunyaniswa ukuba liphezulu kwizigulana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-40 xa kuthelekiswa nezigulana ezindala. (Huang R, et al, Ngaphambili Neurol., 2019).

Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kolu phononongo lweklinikhi ziveze umngcipheko ophezulu wokubethwa ngasemva kwabasindileyo bomhlaza abakhe baphathwa ngonyango lwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy.

Umngcipheko weOsteoporosis

I-Osteoporosis yenye yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide ezibonwe kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kunye nabasindileyo abafumene unyango olufana nekhemotherapy kunye nonyango lwehomoni. I-Osteoporosis yimeko yonyango apho uxinano lwethambo luyancitshiswa, lwenza ithambo libe buthathaka kwaye liphuke. Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba abaguli kunye nabasindileyo kwiintlobo zomhlaza ezinje ngomhlaza wamabele, umhlaza webele kunye ne-lymphoma basemngciphekweni okhulayo we-osteoporosis.

Uphononongo olukhokelwa ngabaphandi abavela kwiSikolo iJohns Hopkins Bloomberg seMpilo yoLuntu, eBaltimore, eUnited States, bavavanya izinga leziganeko zokulahleka kwamathambo ezinje nge-osteoporosis kunye ne-osteopenia kuma-211 abasindileyo bomhlaza wamabele. Aba basindileyo benomhlaza wamabele bafunyaniswa benomhlaza kwiminyaka eyi-47. Abaphandi bathelekisa idatha evela kumaxhoba omhlaza wamabele kunye nabasetyhini abangama-567 abangenawo umhlaza. Uhlalutyo lufumanise ukuba kukho i-68% ephezulu yomngcipheko we-osteoporosis kumaxhoba omhlaza wamabele xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangenawo umhlaza.Iziphumo zazibalulekile kwabo baphathwa nge-aromatase inhibitors kuphela, okanye indibaniselwano ye-chemotherapy kunye ne-aromatase inhibitors okanye iTamoxifen. (UCody Ramin okqhubekayo, Uphando ngomhlaza webele, 2018)

Kwesinye isifundo seklinikhi, idatha evela kwizigulana ezingama-2589 zaseDenmark ezafunyaniswa ukuba zinokusasazeka kwe-B-cell lymphoma okanye i-follicular lymphoma yahlaziywa. Abaguli be-lymphoma babephathwa kakhulu nge-steroids njenge-prednisolone phakathi kuka-2000 no-2012. Idatha evela kwizigulana ezinomhlaza yafaniswa nezifundo zolawulo eziyi-12,945 zokuvavanya iimeko zeemeko zokulahleka kwamathambo ezinje ngeziganeko ze-osteoporotic. Uhlalutyo lufumanise ukuba abaguli be-lymphoma babenomngcipheko okhulayo wokulahleka kwamathambo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, kunye neminyaka emi-5 kunye neminyaka eli-10 yomngcipheko wokuqikelelwa ochazwe njenge-10.0% kunye ne-16.3% kwizigulana ze-lymphoma xa kuthelekiswa ne-6.8% kunye ne-13.5% yolawulo. (UBaech J okqhubekayo, Leuk Lymphoma., 2020)

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba abaguli abanomhlaza kunye nabasindileyo abafumene unyango olunjenge-aromatase inhibitors, ichemotherapy, unyango lwehomoni olufana neTamoxifen okanye indibaniselwano yezi, zisengozini yokulahleka kwamathambo.

Ulawulo lweChemotherapy Side-Iziphumo ngokukhetha isondlo esifanelekileyo / izongezo zesondlo

Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zekhemotherapy zinokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo okanye zilawulwe ngokuthatha isondlo esifanelekileyo / izongezo zesondlo kunye nonyango. Izixhobo kunye ukutya, ukuba zikhethwe ngokwenzululwazi, zinokuphucula iimpendulo zekhemotherapy kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwizigulana ezinomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho olungakhethiyo lwesondlo kunye nezongezelelo zesondlo zinako zonakalisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi / ubungqina obuxhasa izibonelelo zokutya okuthile / ukongezwa ekunciphiseni isiphumo esithile secala kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaza lushwankathelwe ngezantsi. 

1. Isigaba sesibini sonyango esenziwe ngabaphandi kwiSibhedlele i-Shandong Cancer kunye ne-Institute e-China bagqibe kwelokuba ukongezwa kwe-EGCG kunganciphisa ubunzima bokuginya / i-esophagitis ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwe-chemoradiation okanye unyango lwe-radiation kumhlaza wokuqina.UXiaoling Li okqhubekayo, Ijenali yokutya okuNyango, 2019)
2. Uphononongo oluyimfama olwenziwe ngokungacwangciswanga olwenziwe kwizigulana ezinomhlaza wentloko nentamo lubonise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zezigulana azifumananga ibanga lesi-3 somlomo womlomo (izilonda zomlomo) xa zongezwa ngejeli yasebukhosini. (UMiyata Y et al, Int J Mol Sci., 2018).
3. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngabaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yase-Shahrekord yezoNyango e-Iran lubonise ukuba i-lycopene inokusebenza ekunciphiseni iingxaki ngenxa ye-cisplatin-indved nephrotoxicity (iingxaki zezintso) ngokuchaphazela ezinye iimpawu zomsebenzi wezintso. (IMahmoodnia L okqhubekayo, J Nephropathol., 2017)
4. Isifundo seklinikhi esivela kwiYunivesithi yaseTanta eYiputa sibonakalise ukusetyenziswa kwe Ubisi Thistle esebenzayo uSilymarin Kunye neDoxorubicin izibonelelo zabantwana abane-acety lymphoblastic leukemia (BONKE) ngokunciphisa i-cardiotoxicity eyenziwe yi-Doxorubicin. (IHagag AA okqhubekayo, Ukuchaphazeleka kweThagethi yokuChaphazeleka kweziyobisi., 2019)
5. Isifundo esinye esenziwe sisibhedlele iRigshospitalet kunye neHerlev, eDenmark kwizigulana ezingama-78 sifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweMannitol kwizigulana ezinomhlaza entloko nasentanyeni zifumana unyango lwe-cisplatin kunganciphisa ukonzakala kwezintso okubangelwa yiCisplatin (IHagerstrom E, et al. Iiklinikhi zeMed Insights i-Oncol., 2019).
6. Isifundo esenziwe kwiYunivesithi yaseAlexandria e-Egypt safumanisa ukuba ukuthatha imbewu emnyama etyebe kwiThymoquinone Kunye nechemotherapy kunokunciphisa izehlo zefebrile neutropenia (iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezisezantsi) kubantwana abanamathumba engqondo. (UMousa HFM okqhubekayo, Isistim seNervous Syst., 2017)

isiphelo

Isishwankathelo, unyango oluqatha kunye ne-chemotherapy lunokonyusa umngcipheko wokukhula kwexesha elifutshane kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide kubandakanya iingxaki zentliziyo, izifo zemiphunga, iimeko zokulahleka kwamathambo, okwesibini. i cancer kunye nemivimbo nakwiminyaka eliqela emva konyango. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango, kubalulekile ukufundisa abaguli abanomhlaza ngeziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho ezi zonyango kwimpilo yabo yekamva kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Uhlalutyo lwengozi-yenzuzo yonyango lomhlaza kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci kufuneka bathande ukunyangwa ngu ukunciphisa umda wokonyuka kweedhemotherapy kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweendlela ezizezinye okanye ezona zijolise kunyango ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kwixa elizayo. Ukukhetha isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nezongezelelo zesondlo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Kukuphi ukutya okutyayo kwaye okuncedisayo kukuthatha sisigqibo osithathayo. Isigqibo sakho kufuneka sibandakanye ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kotshintsho lomhlaza kuhlobo lomhlaza, unyango oluqhubekayo kunye nezongezelelo, nakuphi na ukwaliwa, ulwazi ngobomi bakho, ubunzima, ukuphakama kunye nemikhwa.

Isicwangciso sesondlo somhlaza esivela kwi-addon asisekelwanga kukhangelo lwe-Intanethi. Isebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenza izigqibo zakho kusekwe kwisayensi yemolekyuli ephunyezwe ngoososayensi kunye neenjineli zesoftware. Nokuba ukhathalele na ukuqonda iindlela ezisisiseko seemolekyuli okanye hayi - zokucwangciswa kwesondlo somhlaza ukuqonda kuyafuneka.

Qalisa NGOKU ngokucwangciswa kwesondlo ngokuphendula imibuzo ngegama lomhlaza, uguquko kwimfuza, unyango oluqhubekayo kunye nezincedisi, nakuphi na ukwaliwa, imikhwa, indlela yokuphila, iqela lobudala kunye nesini.

Izigulana ezinomhlaza zihlala zijongana neziphumo ebezingalunganga ze-chemotherapy ezichaphazela umgangatho wobomi babo kwaye bajonge ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza. isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nezongezelelo ezisekwe kuqwalaselo lwenzululwazi (ukunqanda ukuqikelela kunye nokukhetha okungahleliwe) sesona sixhobo sendalo somhlaza kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango.

• Ukwanda komngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo kumaxhoba omhlaza wamabele
• Amaxhoba omhlaza wabantwana anyangwe ngeChemotherapy banomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza olandelayo
• Ngaba i-chemotherapy yakho ingabangela omnye umhlaza?
• Impembelelo yoNyango olunobukrakra kumaxhoba omhlaza wabantwana-Umngcipheko weeNgozi zePulmonary