Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Wopanda Utsi komanso Kuopsa kwa Khansa

Mfundo

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana zikusonyeza kuti anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa kuphatikizapo khansa ya mutu ndi khosi, makamaka khansa ya m'kamwa, khansa ya pharyngeal, khansa ya laryngeal, khansa ya m'mimba; ndi khansa ya pancreatic. Fodya wopanda utsi si njira yotetezeka kuposa kusuta fodya. Mosasamala mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi njira zomwe amadyera, mankhwala onse a fodya (kaya atengedwa okha kapena ndi tsamba la betel, areca nut/betel nut ndi slaked laime) ayenera kuonedwa ngati zovulaza ndipo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kuyenera kuletsedwa mwamphamvu kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha khansa. 

Kusuta fodya ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, kusuta fodya kumapha anthu opitilira 8 miliyoni pachaka padziko lonse lapansi. Pali pafupifupi 1.3 biliyoni omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fodya padziko lonse lapansi ndipo oposa 80% mwa iwo amakhala kumayiko otsika komanso apakati. Anthu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito fodya popanga chikonga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka mufodya.

Kupatula chikonga, utsi wa fodya umakhalanso ndi mankhwala opitilira 7000 kuphatikiza 70 carcinogens omwe angayambitse khansa, ndipo ambiri amawononga DNA. Ena mwa mankhwalawa ndi monga hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, lead, arsenic, ammonia, benzene, carbon monoxide, nitrosamines ndi polycyclic onunkhira wama hydrocarbon (PAHs). Masamba a fodya amakhalanso ndi zinthu zina zowulutsa radio monga Uranium, Polonium-210 ndi Lead-210 zomwe zimachokera ku feteleza wa phosphate, nthaka ndi mpweya. Kusuta fodya kumatha kubweretsa mitundu ingapo ya khansa, kuphatikiza m'mapapo, laryngeal, pakamwa, zam'mero, pakhosi, chikhodzodzo, impso, chiwindi, m'mimba, kapamba, m'matumbo, khansa yam'mimba ndi khomo lachiberekero, komanso khansa ya myeloid.

Izi zikubweretsa funso loti kaya kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi ndi njira ina yotetezedwa ndi kusuta ndudu kapena zinthu zina za fodya? Tiyeni tiwone!

Kodi Fodya Wopanda Utsi N'chiyani?

Fodya wopanda fodya ndi fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mphuno, osawotcha. Pali mitundu yambiri ya fodya wopanda utsi kuphatikizapo fodya wotafuna, fodya, fodya wosungunula komanso fodya wosungunuka. 

Kutafuna, Kukamwa kapena Kulavulira fodya 

Awa ndi masamba osakhazikika, mapulagi, kapena zopindika za fodya wouma wokometsera, womwe umatafunidwa kapena kuyikidwa pakati pa tsaya ndi chingamu kapena mano, ndipo malovu abulawo amatuluka kapena kumezedwa. Chikonga chomwe chili mu fodya chimalowetsedwa kudzera mkamwa.

Fodya kapena Kuviika fodya

Izi ndi fodya wosakanizidwa bwino, wogulitsidwa ngati mitundu youma kapena yonyowa, ndipo atha kukhala ndi zonunkhira zowonjezera. Fodya wouma wopezeka mu ufa, amapumira kapena kupuma mpweya m'mphuno. Fodya wofewa amaikidwa pakati pa mlomo wapansi kapena tsaya ndi chingamu ndipo chikonga chimalowetsedwa kudzera mkamwa.

njoka

Mtundu wa fodya wofewa wokometsedwa ndi zonunkhira kapena zipatso, womwe umagwira pakati pa chingamu ndi mkamwa ndipo msuziwo umamezedwa.

Fodya wosasunthika

Izi ndi fodya wonyezimira, wosungunuka, wopanikizika, wothira ufa womwe umasungunuka mkamwa ndipo safuna kulavuliridwa timadziti ta fodya. 

Monga ndudu, ndudu ndi zinthu zina za fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi kumayambitsanso chifukwa chokhala ndi chikonga. 

Kodi Pali Matenda A khansa Omwe Amayambitsa Fodya Wopanda Utsi?

Ambiri aife tilinso ndi malingaliro olakwika akuti fodya wopanda utsi ndi njira zotetezeka kuposa kusuta fodya chifukwa mwina sizingagwirizane ndi mapapo. khansa. Komabe, chiwopsezo cha kudwala khansa sichiri kwa awo amene “amasuta” fodya okha. Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi amathanso kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. M’chenicheni, kufodya kulibe mtundu wotetezereka kapena mlingo wosungika wa kusuta fodya.

Pali mitundu 28 ya khansa yoyambitsa matenda kapena khansa yomwe imapezeka mufodya wopanda utsi. Mwa izi, zinthu zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ndi ma nitrosamines (TSNAs) a fodya. Kuphatikiza pa TSNAs, ma carcinogen ena omwe amapezeka mu fodya wopanda utsi ndi N-nitrosoamino acid, N-nitrosamines osakhazikika, ma aldehydes osakhazikika, polynuclear onunkhira ma hydrocarbon (PAHs) ndi zinthu zowononga radio monga polonium-210 ndi uranium-235 ndi -238. (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organisation)

Zoopsa Zaumoyo Zokhudzana ndi Fodya wopanda Utsi

Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mankhwala owopsa komanso opha khansa, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi kumayanjananso ndimatenda osiyanasiyana. Zina mwa izi zalembedwa pansipa:

• Kuopsa kwamitundu ingapo ya khansa
• Kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa chikonga monga fodya wopanda utsi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi poyerekeza ndi kusuta fodya komwe kumachitika pafupipafupi tsiku limodzi.
• Kuopsa kwa matenda amtima
• Sachedwa kudwala chingamu, ming'alu ya mano, kutayika kwa mano, nkhama zotuluka, kumva kuwawa kwa mano, kununkha koipa, kutayika kwa mafupa kuzungulira mizu ndi kudetsa mano.
• Zilonda zam'kamwa zotsogola monga leukoplakia
• Kuoneka ngati maswiti kwa zinthu zina zopanda utsi zomwe zimatulutsa utsi kumatha kukopa ana ndipo kumayambitsa chiphe cha chikonga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Wopanda Utsi komanso Kuopsa kwa Khansa

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana ndi kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwachitika ndi ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi kuti awone kuyanjana komwe kulipo pakati pa kusuta fodya wopanda khansa ndi khansa. Zotsatira za ena mwa maphunzirowa zalembedwa pansipa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Wopanda Utsi ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa Yam'mlomo

1. Ofufuza kuchokera ku ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, India adasanthula maphunziro 37 omwe adasindikizidwa pakati pa 1960 ndi 2016, kuti awone mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kusuta fodya ndi khansa yapakamwa. Maphunzirowa adapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a Pubmed, Indmed, EMBASE, ndi Google Scholar / makina osakira. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kusuta fodya wopanda utsi kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa yapakamwa, makamaka kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Madera akum'mawa kwa Mediterranean, komanso pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito azimayi. (Smita Asthana et al, Nicotine Tob Res., 2019)

2. Pakuwunika meta kwamaphunziro a 25 omwe ofufuza ochokera ku India adachita, adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa khansa ya mkamwa, pharyngeal, laryngeal, esophageal ndi m'mimba. Anapezanso kuti poyerekeza ndi amuna, azimayi ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa yapakamwa, koma chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mimba. (Dhirendra N Sinha et al, Int J Cancer., 2016)

3. Ofufuza kuchokera ku Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS ku Germany ndi Khyber Medical University ku Pakistan, adawunikanso mwatsatanetsatane zofalitsa 21 kuti awone kuopsa kwa khansa yapakamwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fodya wopanda utsi. Zambiri zidapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku ku Medline ndi ISI Web of Knowledge, pamaphunziro owunikira omwe adasindikizidwa ku South Asia kuyambira 1984 mpaka 2013. Adapeza kuti kutafuna fodya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito paan ndi fodya kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa yapakamwa. (Zohaib Khan et al, J Cancer Epidemiol., 2014)

4. Kusanthula kwa meta kwamaphunziro 15 kunachitika ndi ofufuza a Yunivesite ya Griffith ku Australia kuti awone mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wopanda fodya wamtundu uliwonse, betel quid (wokhala ndi tsamba la betel, mtedza wa areca / betel nut ndi slaked lime) popanda fodya ndi mtedza wa areca, ndimatenda a khansa yapakamwa ku South Asia ndi Pacific. Maphunzirowa adapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a Pubmed, CINAHL ndi Cochrane mpaka Juni 2013. Kafukufukuyu adawona kuti kutafuna fodya kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha squamous-cell carcinoma wam'kamwa. Kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito betel quid (yokhala ndi tsamba la betel, areca nut / betel nut ndi slaked lime) yopanda fodya kunayambitsanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa yapakamwa, mwina chifukwa cha khansa ya areca nut.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fodya wopanda utsi (kaya wopanda masamba a betel, areca nut / betel nut ndi slaked lime) ndikuwonjezera chiwopsezo cha khansa yapakamwa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Wopanda Utsi ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi

Ofufuza ochokera ku National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina anasanthula deta kuchokera ku 11 US case-control studies (1981-2006) ya khansa ya m'kamwa, pharyngeal, ndi laryngeal yomwe imakhudza milandu ya 6,772 ndi 8,375, mu International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology ( INHANCE) Consortium. Iwo adapeza kuti anthu omwe sanasutepo ndudu koma amagwiritsa ntchito fodya amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya mutu ndi khosi, makamaka pakamwa. khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, adapeza kuti kutafuna fodya kumalumikizidwanso kwambiri ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha khansa yapakamwa, ngakhale kuti mgwirizanowu udapezeka kuti ndi wofooka pomwe malo ena onse a khansa ya mutu ndi khosi adawunikidwa pamodzi. (Annah B Wyss et al, Am J Epidemiol., 2016)

Kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti fodya wopanda utsi atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha khansa yamutu ndi khosi, makamaka khansa yapakamwa, zomwe zimawopsa mukamagwiritsa ntchito fodya woyerekeza ndikutafuna fodya.

Kutafuna Mowa ndi Fodya komanso Kuopsa kwa Matenda a HPV mwa Odwala Khansa Yam'mutu Ndi Yam'mutu 

Ofufuza ochokera ku India adasanthula zotsatira kuchokera ku zitsanzo zotengedwa kumutu ndi khosi 106 khansa Odwala omwe adapezedwa kuchokera ku Head and Neck oncology surgery unit ya Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (BBCI), Regional Cancer Center, Guwahati, India kuti afufuze chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a HPV (hr-HPV) ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi zizoloŵezi za moyo kuphatikizapo fodya ndi mowa. . Odwalawo adalembedwa pakati pa October 2011 ndi September 2013. (Rupesh Kumar et al, PLoS One., 2015)

Matenda omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha HPV amapezeka mu 31.13% ya odwala khansa yamutu ndi khosi. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti kumwa mowa komanso kutafuna fodya kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a hr-HPV pamatenda a khansa yamutu ndi khosi. Ananenanso kuti poyerekeza ndi matenda a HPV-18, HPV-16 idapezeka kuti imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndikutafuna fodya. 

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Wopanda Utsi ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa ya Esophageal

Pakafukufuku omwe adachitika ndi ofufuza aku University ya Kuwait, adawunika mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa mtedza wa areca, betel quid (wokhala ndi tsamba la betel, mtedza wa areca / betel nut ndi slaked lime), fodya wamlomo, kusuta ndudu komanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi cell yolimba carcinoma / khansa ku South Asians. Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zachitika kuchokera ku milandu ya 91 ya esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma ndi 364 yolingana ndikuwongolera kuchokera kuzipatala za 3 zamasukulu apamwamba ku Karachi, Pakistan. 

Kafukufuku wawo adapeza kuti anthu omwe amatafuna mtedza wa areca, otafuna betel quid (okhala ndi tsamba la betel, areca nut / betel nut ndi slaked lime) ndi fodya, omwe amamwa fodya kapena kusuta ndudu amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kholingo la kholingo la kholingo / khansa . Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma / khansa chinawonjezekanso mwa iwo omwe amasuta ndudu komanso kutafuna betel quid (yokhala ndi tsamba la betel, areca nut / betel nut ndi slaked lime) ndi fodya, kapena mwa iwo omwe amasuta ndudu komanso ankachita fodya woumba fodya. (Saeed Akhtar et al, Khansa ya Eur J., 2012)

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Wopanda Utsi ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa ya Pancreatic

Ofufuza kuchokera ku ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida ndi School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India adasanthula ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa fodya wopanda utsi komanso kuopsa kwa mitundu ingapo ya khansa. Adagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wochokera ku maphunziro a 80, omwe amaphatikiza kuyerekezera kwa ziwopsezo za 121 za khansa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zidapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a PubMed ndi Google Scholar kutengera maphunziro omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 1985 mpaka Januware 2018 pa fodya wopanda khansa ndi khansa. (Sanjay Gupta et al, Indian J Med Res., 2018)

Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti kusuta fodya wopanda utsi kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa yapakamwa, yam'mimba ndi kapamba; ndi chiopsezo cha khansa yapakamwa ndi yam'mimba yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ku South-East Asia Region ndi Eastern Mediterranean Region, komanso khansa ya kapamba m'chigawo cha Europe.

Kutsiliza

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana adawonetsa kuti anthu omwe amasuta fodya wopanda utsi alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa kuphatikiza khansa yamutu ndi khosi, makamaka yapakamwa. khansa, khansa ya m'mphuno, khansa ya m'mphuno, khansa ya m'mphuno; ndi khansa ya pancreatic. Izi zimapereka umboni wosonyeza kuti mosasamala kanthu za mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi njira zodyera, mankhwala onse a fodya (kaya atengedwa okha kapena pamodzi ndi tsamba la betel, areca nut / betel nut ndi slaked slime) ndi zovulaza ndipo zingayambitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ndi zina zaumoyo. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse zafodya kuphatikiza fodya wopanda utsi kuyenera kuletsedwa mwamphamvu. 

Chakudya chomwe mumadya komanso chomwe chimakupatsani thanzi ndi chisankho chomwe mumapanga. Lingaliro lanu liyenera kuphatikizapo kulingalira za kusintha kwa majini a khansa, khansa, chithandizo chamankhwala chopitilira muyeso, zovuta zilizonse, zidziwitso za moyo, kulemera, kutalika ndi zizolowezi.

Kukonzekera kwa khansa kuchokera ku addon sikudalira pakusaka kwa intaneti. Zimakusankhirani zomwe mungasankhe malinga ndi sayansi yamayendedwe omwe asayansi athu ndi akatswiri a mapulogalamu. Mosasamala kanthu kuti mumasamala kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambira zamagulu am'thupi kapena ayi - pakukonzekera zakudya za khansa kumvetsetsa kumafunikira.

Yambirani TSOPANO ndikukonzekera zakudya zanu poyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi khansa, kusintha kwa majini, mankhwala opitilira muyeso ndi zowonjezera, chifuwa chilichonse, zizolowezi, moyo, gulu la zaka komanso jenda.

Odwala khansa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana chemotherapy mavuto zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo ndikuyang'ana njira zina zochiritsira khansa. Kutenga chakudya choyenera ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kutengera zomwe asayansi amalingalira (kupewa kuyerekezera ndi kusankha mwachisawawa) ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yachilengedwe ya khansa ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi chithandizo.

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