Zizindikiro, Chithandizo ndi Zakudya za Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Mfundo

Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi carotenoids monga beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha / beta-carotene, lutein ndi zeaxanthin, Vitamini E, Selenium, yogurt, zipatso zouma, masamba a cruciferous monga broccoli, ziphuphu za brussels, kabichi, kolifulawa ndi kale, ndipo zipatso zingachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Komabe, pewani kudya kwambiri zakudya monga nyama yofiira komanso yophika, kutafuna mtedza wa areca, kumwa arsenic yomwe ili ndi madzi, kutenga mazira okazinga ndi zinthu zina monga kusuta fodya chifukwa zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo, zimakhudzanso kudwala ndi zotsatira zamankhwala, zimaipiraipira zizindikiro, kapena kuwonjezera mwayi wobwereranso khansa.

Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Khansara ya m'chikhodzodzo ndi khansa yomwe imayambira m'chikhodzodzo. Ndi khansa ya 6 yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna ndipo ya 17 imapezeka kwambiri khansa mwa akazi. Ilinso imodzi mwamakhansa 10 omwe amapezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mu 2018, milandu yatsopano 5,49,393 idanenedwa. (Globocan 2018)

Oposa 90% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndi achikulire kuposa zaka 55. Zaka zenizeni za anthu omwe amapezeka ndi khansa ndi zaka 73. Kukula kwa khansara ya chikhodzodzo kumatha kuchoka pazabwino mpaka posauka kutengera mtundu, kuchuluka ndi khansa. Matenda a khansa ya chikhodzodzo amathanso kudalira momwe wodwalayo amamvera ndi mankhwala, komanso zinthu monga zaka, thanzi komanso mbiri yazachipatala. Zaka zisanu zapakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndi 5%. (American Society of chipatala Oncology)

Zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi izi:

• Kuwonetseredwa ndi zinthu zovulaza
• Kusuta Fodya
• Lumikizanani ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga

Mitundu ya Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo 

Kutengera kukula kwa kufalikira kwa khansa, khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo nthawi zambiri imagawidwa motere:

1. Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo yopanda minofu: komwe maselo a khansa amapezeka mkatikati mwa chikhodzodzo.
2. Khansa ya chikhodzodzo yowononga minofu: kumene maselo a khansa amafalikira kupitirira kaye, kulowa muminyewa yoyandikira.
3. Khansa ya chikhodzodzo cha metastatic: khansara ikafalikira mbali zina za thupi

Kutengera momwe ma cell a khansa amawonekera pansi pa microscope, khansara iyi amathanso kudziwika ngati:

1. Urothelial carcinoma kapena Transitional Cell Carcinoma kapena TCC: yomwe imayamba m'maselo am'mitsempha omwe amapezeka mumitsinje.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma: yomwe imayamba mu chikhodzodzo poyankha kukwiya ndi kutupa.
3. Adenocarcinoma: yomwe imachokera m'maselo am'matumbo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo nthawi zambiri samazindikira.

Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zodziwika bwino za khansa ya chikhodzodzo chimaphatikizapo magazi mkodzo, azachipatala omwe amadziwika kuti hematuria, omwe amatha kupangitsa kuti mkodzo uwonekere ofiira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samva kuwawa. 

Zizindikiro zina zochepa za khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi monga:

• Kuchuluka pafupipafupi pokodza
• Mwadzidzidzi amalimbikitsa kukodza
• Kumva kutentha pakukodza

Matenda apamwamba a khansara ya chikhodzodzo amathanso kuwonetsa izi:

• Kuchepetsa thupi mwadala
• Ululu wammbuyo
• Kupweteka kwa majeremusi 
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kutupa kwa miyendo

Ngati zina mwazizindikiro za khansa ya chikhodzodzo zadziwika, ayenera kuzifufuza ndi dokotala.

Kuchiza Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo chimadalira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mtundu wa khansa, gawo ndi khansa, thanzi komanso mbiri yazachipatala ya wodwalayo. Njira zochiritsira khansa ya chikhodzodzo zimaphatikizapo opaleshoni, chemotherapy, radiation radiation, immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chofunikira. Kuchita maopaleshoni kapena ma radiation kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa kapena kuwononga maselo a khansa. Intravesical chemotherapy kapena chemotherapy mu chikhodzodzo imachitika ngati khansara yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chobwereranso kapena kupita patsogolo kwambiri imangokhala chikhodzodzo. Systemic Chemotherapy kapena chemo ya thupi lonse yachitika kuti iwonjezere mwayi wochiritsa wodwalayo kuti achotse chikhodzodzo. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo chachikulu pomwe opaleshoni singachitike. Immunotherapy itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza khansa ya chikhodzodzo poyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kulimbana ndi ma cell a khansa. Ngati mankhwalawa sakugwira ntchito, njira zochiritsira zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochizira.

Udindo wa Zakudya mu Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Ngakhale kusuta fodya komanso kukhudzana ndi mankhwala zimawerengedwa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chikhodzodzo, zakudya zimathandizanso kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansara. Mu blog iyi, tifotokoza zina mwamafukufuku omwe akatswiri ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi adachita, omwe adawunika mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kudya zakudya / zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso kuopsa kwa khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Pewani Zakudya monga Nyama Yofiira ndi Yosinthidwa kuti muchepetse Kuopsa kwa Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Pakuwunika meta kochitidwa ndi ofufuza ochokera ku Karolinska Institutet ku Sweden, adasanthula zambiri pazakudya zochokera m'maphunziro a anthu 5, omwe anali ndi milandu ya 3262 ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali 1,038,787 ndi maphunziro azachipatala 8 owunikira omwe adaphatikizira milandu 7009 ndi otenga nawo mbali 27,240, omwe adapeza kudzera m'mabuku osaka m'mabuku a Pubmed kudzera mu Januware 2016. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti kudya nyama yambiri yomwe idakonzedwa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo pakuwunika konse komanso maphunziro owerengera anthu. Komabe, adapeza chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndikudya nyama yofiira pokhapokha pamaphunziro owongolera, koma osati pagulu / maphunziro owerengera anthu. (Alessio Crippa et al, Eur J Nutriti., 2018)

Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kupewa zakudya monga nyama yofiira komanso yothiridwa kuti muchepetse vuto la khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kutafuna Areca Nut kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa kuzibwereza mu khansa ya chikhodzodzo yosagwira minofu

Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi ofufuza ochokera ku The Second Xiangya Hospital ku China ndi The Queen's Medical Research Institute ku United Kingdom, okhudzana ndi odwala 242 omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo yopanda minofu (NMIBC), yemwe adachitidwa opareshoni yotsekemera, adawunika zomwe zingawopseze khansa kubwereza. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kutafuna mtedza wa areca kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeranso ku khansa kwa odwala a NMIBC. (Jian Cao et al, Sci Rep., 2016)

Kutafuna Areca Nut kungakhudzenso kufalikira kwa khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kudya Mpunga Wophika mu Arsenic wokhala ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa ya Madzi ndi Chikhodzodzo

Kusanthula kwazakudya kuchokera ku kafukufuku waku US wowongolera anthu pachikhodzodzo khansa okhala ndi milandu 316 yodziwika kudzera ku New Hampshire State Department of Health and Human Services' Cancer Registry ndi maulamuliro 230 osankhidwa kuchokera kwa anthu okhala ku New Hampshire ndipo adatengedwa kuchokera ku New Hampshire Department of Transportation and Medicare mndandanda wa olembetsa adapeza umboni wa kuyanjana pakati pa kumwa kwambiri mpunga wofiira ndi madzi arsenic ndende. (Antonio J Signes-Pastor et al, Epidemiology. 2019)

Ofufuzawo adanenanso kuti zinthu zabwino kwambiri za arsenic zitha kupezeka mu mpunga wofiirira poyerekeza ndi mpunga woyera komanso kuwonjezeka kwa katundu wa arsenic kumawoneka mu mpunga wophika ngati madzi ophikira a arsenic adagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komabe, kafukufukuyu sanapereke umboni wamphamvu wosonyeza kuti kumwa mpunga wofiirira nthawi zonse kumatha kuchititsa khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Komabe, popeza khansara ya chikhodzodzo ikadakhala chiwopsezo chathanzi chifukwa cha arsenic, ofufuzawo adanenanso za kafukufuku wowonjezera kuphatikiza maphunziro akulu kuti athe kuyesa mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mpunga wofiirira ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Dzira ndi Kuopsa kwa Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo

Kusanthula kwa meta kochitidwa ndi ofufuza ochokera kuchipatala cha Nanfang, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou ku China kutengera kafukufuku wochokera ku maphunziro a 4 cohort ndi maphunziro a 9 owongolera milandu yokhudza milandu ya 2715 ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali 184,727, omwe adapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a PubMed mpaka February 2012 sanapeze mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa kumwa dzira ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. (Fei Li et al, Khansa ya Nutriti., 2013)

Komabe, kutengera maphunziro owerengeka, ubale womwe ungachitike ndi kuchuluka kwa mazira okazinga omwe ali ndi vuto la khansa ya chikhodzodzo akuti. chifukwa chake pewani kapena muchepetse zakudya zokazinga ngati mazira okazinga kuti muchepetse vuto la khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Zakudya za Carotenoid zitha Kuchepetsa Kuopsa

Kusanthula kwa meta kwamaphunziro 22 owunikira omwe ochita kafukufuku ku University of Texas Health Center ku San Antonio omwe adaphatikizira akuluakulu 516,740, omwe adapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a PubMed ndi Scopus ndi Library ya Cochrane mpaka Epulo 2019, adapeza kuti 1 mg iliyonse kuwonjezeka kwa kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zakudya za carotenoids monga beta-cryptoxanthin (yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mu malalanje ndi ma tangerines), chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo chinachepetsedwa ndi 42%, pomwe kudya kwathunthu kwa carotenoid kunachepetsa chiopsezo ndi 15%. (Wu S. et al, Adv. Zakudya., 2020)

Kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti chiwopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo chidachepetsedwa ndi 76% pakukula kulikonse kwa micromole 1 pakazungulira alpha-carotene ndipo idatsika ndi 27% pakukula kulikonse kwa micromole 1 ya beta carotene. Kaloti ndizochokera ku alpha ndi beta carotene. Kuphatikiza apo, apezanso kuti chiwopsezo cha khansa iyi chatsika ndi 56% pakukula kulikonse kwa micromole 1 pakazungulira lutein ndi zeaxanthin. Broccoli, sipinachi, kale, katsitsumzukwa ndi zina mwazakudya za lutein ndi zeaxanthin.

Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza carotenoids ngati gawo la zakudya kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kudya kwa Selenium Kungachepetse Kuopsa

Kusanthula kwa meta kochitidwa ndi ofufuza ochokera ku Spanish National Cancer Research Center kutengera kafukufuku wochokera ku 7 kuphatikiza maphunziro a 6 owongolera milandu ndi kafukufuku m'modzi wa anthu omwe adafalitsidwa pamaso pa Marichi 1, adayesa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa selenium ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 2010% yachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo yomwe ili ndi selenium yambiri. Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti phindu la chitetezo cha selenium limawoneka makamaka mwa azimayi. (André FS Amaral et al, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 39)

Kudya kwa Probiotic Yogurt Kungachepetse Kuopsa

Kusanthula kwa meta kochitidwa ndi ofufuza a Yunivesite ya Sichuan ku China, kutengera maphunziro 61, okhudzana ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali 1,962,774 ndi ma 38,358 a khansa, omwe adapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a PubMed, Embase ndi CNKI kudzera mu Julayi 2018, adapeza kuti kumwa kwa ma probiotic yogurt kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha chikhodzodzo ndi khansa yoyipa. (Kui Zhang et al, Int J Cancer., 2019)

Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza yogurt ngati gawo la zakudya kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kudya masamba a Cruciferous kumachepetsa chiopsezo

Ofufuza kuchokera ku Chipatala Choyamba Chothandizana, College of Medicine, Yunivesite ya Zhejiang ku China adachita meta pofufuza pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku 10 wowunika, wonena za kuwongolera milandu isanu ndi maphunziro a magulu 5, omwe adapezeka pofufuza mabuku omwe adafalitsidwa pakati pa 5 ndi Juni 1979 m'mabuku a Pubmed / Medline ndi Web of Science ndipo adapeza chiopsezo chotsika kwambiri cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo chodya kwambiri masamba a cruciferous, makamaka pakafukufuku. (Liu B et al, World J Urol., 2009)

Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza masamba a cruciferous monga broccoli, zipatso za brussels, kabichi, kolifulawa ndi kale ngati gawo la zakudya zingachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kudya kwa Vitamini E Kumachepetsa Chiwopsezo

Kusanthula kwa meta kochitidwa ndi ofufuza a Second Military Medical University ndi Tongji University ku China kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro 11 omwe akuyembekezeredwa kuphatikiza zoyeserera zamatenda atatu ndi maphunziro 3 owerengeka ndi omwe adatenga nawo gawo 8, omwe adapezeka pofufuza m'mabuku a pa intaneti adapeza kuti kudya kwa vitamini E kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. (Jian-Hai Lin et al, Int J Vitam Nutr Res., 575601)

Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza zakudya za Vitamini E monga mbewu za mpendadzuwa, maamondi, sipinachi, mapeyala, sikwashi, kiwifruit, trout, shrimp, maolivi, mafuta anyongolosi a tirigu, ndi broccoli ngati gawo la zakudya zingachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Masamba ndi Zipatso Kumachepetsa Chiwopsezo

Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kochitidwa ndi ofufuza a Tongji University ndi Nanjing Medical University ku China kutengera zomwe zachokera ku maphunziro 27 (12 cohort and 15 case-control studies) omwe adapezedwa pofufuza pakompyuta pa PubMed, Embase ndi library ya Cochrane komanso Kuwunika kwapamanja kwa maumboni kunapeza kuti kudya masamba ndi zipatso kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi 16% ndi 19% motsatana. Kusanthula kwa mayankho a mlingo kunawonetsanso kuti chiopsezo cha izi khansa kutsika ndi 8% ndi 9% pakukula kulikonse kwa 200 g/tsiku pazakudya zamasamba ndi zipatso, motsatana. (Huan Liu et al, Eur J Cancer Prev., 2015)

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipatso Zouma Kungachepetse Chiwopsezo

Ofufuza kuchokera ku University of Missouri, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health ndi Brigham ndi Women Hospital ku US adachita kuwunikanso mwatsatanetsatane maphunziro 16 owunikira omwe adasindikizidwa pakati pa 1985 ndi 2018 kuti awone kuthekera kwa mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa zipatso zouma zouma ndi chiopsezo cha khansa mwa anthu. Kafukufuku wophatikizidwa pakuwunikiraku adachitika ku United States, Netherlands ndi Spain ndi milandu 12,732 yochokera kwa omwe akutenga nawo gawo 437,298. Adapeza kuti kuwonjezera kudya zipatso zouma mpaka 3-5 kapena mavitamini ambiri pasabata kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa yam'mimba monga m'mimba, chikhodzodzo ndi khansa yam'matumbo. (Mossine VV et al, Adv Nutr. 2019)

Kutsiliza

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi carotenoids monga beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha/beta-carotene, lutein ndi zeaxanthin, Vitamini E, Selenium, yogati, zipatso zouma, masamba a cruciferous ndi zipatso zimatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chikhodzodzo. khansa. Komabe, pewani kudya zakudya monga nyama yofiira ndi yokonzedwa, kutafuna mtedza wa areca, kugwiritsa ntchito arsenic okhala ndi madzi kapena kutenga mazira okazinga ndi moyo monga kusuta fodya, kungapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo, kukhudza zotsatira zake ndi chithandizo, zizindikiro zowonjezereka, kapena kuonjezera mwayi woti khansa ibwerenso. Pewani kusuta fodya, idyani zakudya zoyenera, khalani olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kuti mukhale kutali ndi khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo komanso kuti muchepetse matenda.

Chakudya chomwe mumadya komanso chomwe chimakupatsani thanzi ndi chisankho chomwe mumapanga. Lingaliro lanu liyenera kuphatikizapo kulingalira za kusintha kwa majini a khansa, khansa, chithandizo chamankhwala chopitilira muyeso, zovuta zilizonse, zidziwitso za moyo, kulemera, kutalika ndi zizolowezi.

Kukonzekera kwa khansa kuchokera ku addon sikudalira pakusaka kwa intaneti. Zimakusankhirani zomwe mungasankhe malinga ndi sayansi yamayendedwe omwe asayansi athu ndi akatswiri a mapulogalamu. Mosasamala kanthu kuti mumasamala kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambira zamagulu am'thupi kapena ayi - pakukonzekera zakudya za khansa kumvetsetsa kumafunikira.

Yambirani TSOPANO ndikukonzekera zakudya zanu poyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi khansa, kusintha kwa majini, mankhwala opitilira muyeso ndi zowonjezera, chifuwa chilichonse, zizolowezi, moyo, gulu la zaka komanso jenda.

Odwala khansa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana chemotherapy mavuto zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo ndikuyang'ana njira zina zochiritsira khansa. Kutenga chakudya choyenera ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kutengera zomwe asayansi amalingalira (kupewa kuyerekezera ndi kusankha mwachisawawa) ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yachilengedwe ya khansa ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi chithandizo.

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