Zowona Zotsata Khansa Genomic ndi Njira Zambiri Momwe Zingakhalire Zothandiza

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Pali njira zingapo momwe genome / genomic kusanja kwa zitsanzo za khansa ya odwala zitha kukhala zothandiza, kuphatikiza kuneneratu za chiopsezo cha khansa, kuneneratu za khansa, matenda a khansa ndi kuzindikira, ndikuzindikiritsa munthu payekha komanso molondola khansa chithandizo. Pali makampani ambiri omwe amapereka mayeso osiyanasiyana amtundu wa khansa ndipo kuyezetsa koyenera kuyenera kuzindikirika potengera zomwe zikuchitika komanso mtundu wa khansa. Mayeso ena a majini operekedwa ndi makampaniwa amakhala ndi inshuwaransi koma ambiri amangodzilipira okha.

Kusanthula kudzera mu ndemanga, zolemba, ma blogs, malingaliro ndi zina zotumiza matenda a khansa kumatha kukhala kovuta. Pali zambiri, matchulidwe atsopano ndi mayeso ovomerezeka omwe ambiri aife sitikudziwa. Kufanana kwa zotupa, kufotokozera za khansa / zotupa, kutsata kwa mibadwo yotsatira, magawo olunjika, kusanja kwathunthu, mawonekedwe am'magazi a khansa, ndizomwe timakumana nazo. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ndipo zothandiza bwanji?

Kodi Cancer Genome / Genomic Sequicing ndi Chiyani?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndizoyambira za khansa. Khansa ndikukula kosalamulirika kwamaselo ena mthupi lathu omwe asanduka achilendo chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa ma cell athu a DNA, otchedwa kusintha kapena genomic aberrations. DNA imapangidwa ndi zilembo 4 zotengera zilembo, zomwe zinapangika kuti tizilomboti timapereka malangizo opangira mapuloteni omwe amayendetsa ntchito za ma cell, matumba ndi ziwalo zathu. Kufananira ndi kusanja kwa zomwe zili m'maselo. DNA yochokera m'maselo a khansa komanso maselo abwinobwino omwe si a khansa atha kudzipatula ndipo chifukwa cha zatsopano komanso kupita patsogolo kwa matekinoloje am'badwo wotsatira, amatha kudziwitsidwa pamlingo wotsatira ma nucleotide. Kuyerekeza kwa khansa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a DNA kumapereka chidziwitso pazosintha zatsopano zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikawunikidwanso zimapereka chidziwitso pazovuta zomwe zikuyambitsa matendawa.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yotsata

Kuzindikiritsa kusintha kwa ma genomic masinthidwe ndi zolakwika zitha kuchitika kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana ndi mayeso kuphatikiza cytogenetic karyotyping, kukulitsa zigawo za DNA kudzera pa polymerase chain reaction (PCR), kuzindikira zolakwika zina ndi kusakanizika pogwiritsa ntchito fluorescence in situ hybridization (NSOMBA), kutsata ma genomic gulu lolunjika la majini okhudzana ndi khansa, kapena kutsatizana kwamitundu yonse yotchedwa whole-exome sequencing (WES) kapena DNA yonse ya cell imatha kutsatiridwa ngati gawo la ma genome sequencing (WGS). Zachipatala kukhazikitsa khansa Kulemba mbiri, njira yomwe imakonda imayang'anira ma jini amtundu wamtundu wa 30 - 600, pomwe WES ndi WGS amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza. Ubwino wakutsatizana komwe mukufuna ndi kutsika mtengo, kuzama kotsatana komanso kusanthula mozama kwa zigawo zina za DNA zomwe zitha kukhala zoyendetsa kwambiri khansa.

Kodi Kufufuza Khansa Pazinthu Zothandiza Ndi Kothandiza - Ndi Phindu Lanji?

Kwa wodwala khansa, wina amafunika kusankha njira yoyenera yoyesera mtundu wawo wa khansa. Khansa zosiyanasiyana zimalumikizidwa ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha kwa majini ndi magawo omwe akonzedwa kuchokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana amakhala ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kupitilira kwakukulu kwa madera omwe akukonzedwa kumakhala ndi zabwino kuposa kufalikira komwe munthu angapeze ndi WES koma atha kuphonya zotsatira zazikulu. Pakadalibe kuchepa kwamiyeso pamayeso oyeserera komanso kusintha kwa zotsatira mukamayang'ana DNA kuchokera pachitsanzo chomwecho pamayeso osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri. Palinso kusiyanasiyana motsatizana kutengera gawo la chotupacho lomwe latsatiridwa ndikusiyana pakati pa kusanja DNA kuchokera pachitsanzo cholimba cha chotupa ndikufalitsa chotupa cha DNA kuchokera kwa wodwala yemweyo. Komabe, ngakhale panali zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zambiri zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku khansa mosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala zothandiza m'njira zingapo monga momwe asayansi aku Wellcome Sanger Institute aku United Kingdom akuwunikira (Nanglia ndi Campbell, New Engl J Med., 2019).

Zina mwa njira zomwe khansa ya genome / genomic yolinganira ingathandizire pakuzindikira, kusankha chithandizo ndi kuwunika khansa yalembedwa pansipa:

• Kulosera za chiopsezo cha khansa mwa munthu wathanzi yemwe atha kukhala ndi banja la khansa. Kufufuza kwa DNA kuchokera pachitsanzo cha magazi cha munthu wathanzi kumatha kupereka chidziwitso pazosintha kwa majeremusi omwe atha kukhalapo ndipo atha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha khansa mtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo. kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa majini kwa khansa ku BRCA, APC kapena VHL.
• Pharmacogenomics - majeremusi a germline amatha kuzindikira mtundu umodzi wa ma nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) m'mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chemotherapy.
• Epidemiology and Public Health - kusanja kwamatenda kuchokera kumadera komwe kuli mitundu yambiri ya khansa kumatha kuthandizira kuzindikira zachilengedwe, zakudya kapena zina zomwe zingayambitse khansa.
• Kuyika zilonda zoyambirira kumatha kuthandizira kuzindikira zamatenda ndikufunika kolowererapo. Genomics yokhala ndi kuchuluka kosintha / kusintha ndi mtundu wamasinthidwe, itha kuzindikirika ngati omwe amafunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso mwankhanza.
• Matenda a khansa pozindikira kusintha kwa madalaivala monga BCR_ABL, KRAS, TP53 ndi ena atha kutsimikizira khansa yomwe imayambitsa.
• Kuzindikiritsa minofu yochokera kwa khansa wa pulaimale yosadziwika. Kusintha kwapadera kumakhudzana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.
• Gulu la zotupa zitha kuchitika pamaziko a kusintha kwa zoyendetsa ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi biology yamatenda yomwe imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zochiritsira.
• Kuneneratu zotsatira za odwala ndikupereka malingaliro abwinoko potengera zomwe azachipatala amalandila. Mwachitsanzo. Zotupa zomwe zidasinthidwa ndi TP53 zimakhala ndi vuto lakukula kwambiri.
• Kusintha kwa ma genome kumathandizira ndi chithandizo cha khansa ya Precision- Odwala khansa amasintha mosiyanasiyana ndipo kuphatikiza kwa zosintha ndizapadera kwa wodwala khansa aliyense. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiritso chophatikizira mwakukonda kwanu komwe kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta zonse chitha kukhala chopereka choyenera chothandizira khansa.
• Kuzindikira njira zotsutsana ndi khansa yomwe sinayankhe pamankhwala omwe apatsidwa.
• Kuunika kwa khansa kudzera pachimake chakumaso kwa chifuwa cha DNA kapena kufalitsa ma cell am'mimba kumatha kuthandizira kuzindikira kubwereranso kwa matenda kapena kubwereranso popanda biopsy kapena opareshoni.

Chifukwa chake, monga tafotokozera, pali njira zambiri zochitira khansa Kutsatana kwa ma genomic/genome kumatha kukhala kothandiza kuphatikiza kuneneratu za chiopsezo cha khansa, matenda a khansa ndi matenda, komanso kuzindikira chithandizo chamankhwala chamunthu payekha komanso cholondola, ngakhale sichidziwika m'machitidwe ambiri a oncology.

Kodi mungapeze kuti kuyesa kwa Khansa Yachibadwa?

Pali makampani angapo omwe amapereka mayeso amtundu wa genomic / majini potengera malovu kapena masheya amwazi omwe ali ndi kuthekera kosiyana siyana monga tanenera pamwambapa akuyenera kudziwika kutengera mtundu wina wa khansa, mtundu ndi cholinga. Pali mitundu ingapo yoyeza za khansa yoperekedwa ndi makampaniwa yomwe ikubwezeredwa ndi mapulani aboma monga Medicare kapena NHS koma m'maiko ambiri monga India ndi China, mayesowa amalipiridwa ndi odwala. Chonde funsani azachipatala anu ndi omwe amakupatsirani inshuwaransi kuti mumve zambiri zamayeso amtundu wa khansa omwe amapezeka mu pulani yanu. Muthanso kuyang'ana tsamba ili kuti mupeze mndandanda za mayeso ovomerezeka amtundu wa khansa.

Chakudya chomwe mumadya komanso chomwe chimakupatsani thanzi ndi chisankho chomwe mumapanga. Lingaliro lanu liyenera kuphatikizapo kulingalira za kusintha kwa majini a khansa, khansa, chithandizo chamankhwala chopitilira muyeso, zovuta zilizonse, zidziwitso za moyo, kulemera, kutalika ndi zizolowezi.

Kukonzekera kwa khansa kuchokera ku addon sikudalira pakusaka kwa intaneti. Zimakusankhirani zomwe mungasankhe malinga ndi sayansi yamayendedwe omwe asayansi athu ndi akatswiri a mapulogalamu. Mosasamala kanthu kuti mumasamala kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambira zamagulu am'thupi kapena ayi - pakukonzekera zakudya za khansa kumvetsetsa kumafunikira.

Yambirani TSOPANO ndikukonzekera zakudya zanu poyankha mafunso okhudzana ndi khansa, kusintha kwa majini, mankhwala opitilira muyeso ndi zowonjezera, chifuwa chilichonse, zizolowezi, moyo, gulu la zaka komanso jenda.

Odwala khansa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana chemotherapy mavuto zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo komanso kuyang'ana njira zina zochiritsira khansa chakudya choyenera ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kutengera zomwe asayansi amalingalira (kupewa kuyerekezera ndi kusankha mwachisawawa) ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yachilengedwe ya khansa komanso chithandizo chamankhwala zoyipa.

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