For Which Cancer Types Should I Avoid Linoleic Acid Supplement?

Highlights

Nutritional supplements and extracts like Linoleic Acid have benefits and are used by cancer patients and those at-genetic risk of cancer. There is limited or hardly any clinical data available for use of nutritional supplements and foods in cancer patients. Generating clinical evidence of efficacy for cancer through a randomized clinical trial is further infeasible due to variations in genetics and cancer chemotherapy treatments across cancer patients. Hence a different and new approach is needed to find out for which cancers you should not take Linoleic Acid supplement and why should not take them?

Is it okay to take Linoleic Acid extracts or supplements for all cancer indications and any chemotherapy treatment? A common belief but a myth is that everything natural can only be of benefit and do no harm. For example, the use of grapefruit with certain medications is not recommended. Another example is the use of spinach with some blood thinning medications can cause adverse interactions and hence to be avoided. For cancer, nutrition including plant-based foods and supplements can influence outcomes and hence an extremely important decision which needs to be made. Hence NIH-National Cancer Institute has a website for nutrition for cancer care for patients which are generalized recommendations and not personalized for cancer indication and treatments.

A frequently asked question by cancer patients and those at-risk is “What Foods and Nutritional Supplements could be beneficial over others for me?”. “Who should not take an extract or supplement and why?”. Generic guidelines like eating only plant-based-foods or avoiding all sugar or adopting a keto diet is a good start but not actionable and personalized enough.

To find answers to questions on extracts and nutritional supplements and foods requires knowledge of contained active ingredients; genetic mutation prevalence for cancer indication; understanding of underlying cancer biology; chemotherapy treatments and mechanism of actions of active ingredients.

Taking Linoleic Acid extracts or nutritional supplements may benefit Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients on Cisplatin treatment over Allspice nutritional supplements. But Linoleic Acid supplements or Linoleic Acid extracts offer less benefit if on Radiation treatment for Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas compared to Agaricus Mushroom. Similarly, taking nutritional supplements Linoleic Acid may benefit healthy individuals who are at genetic risk of cancer due to mutation of gene TP53 over Lemon. But avoid nutritional supplements Linoleic Acid when at genetic risk of cancer due to mutation of gene VHL.

The takeaway being – cancer, genomics, treatments and other personalized factors will influence decision making to questions like: Are extracts or nutritional supplements Linoleic Acid beneficial and should not be taken? Why should Linoleic Acid be not taken? Who should not take Linoleic Acid? What are side effects of Linoleic Acid with Radiation chemotherapy? What are the benefits of Linoleic Acid for cancer? Can Linoleic Acid help fight cancer and so on.

Whenever there are changes in chemotherapy treatments or cancer tissue genetics – the nutrition may change and hence needs to be re-evaluated. Do consider factors like cancer indication, ongoing chemotherapy treatments and nutritional supplements, age, gender, weight, height, lifestyle and genetics for personalization of nutrition.

Brief Overview

Use of nutritional supplements – vitamins, herbs, minerals, probiotics, and other specialty categories are increasing. Supplements are high concentrations of active ingredients which are also found in different foods. Difference between supplements and foods being that foods contain more than one active ingredient at much lower concentrations. Every active ingredient in an extract or nutritional supplement or food has a unique mechanism of action which can influence nutrition decisions.

These are some example questions which nutrition planning should help answer for you. Should you take supplements Linoleic Acid? Should you take it when at genetic risk of cancer for mutation of gene TP53? Should you take it when at genetic risk of cancer for mutation of gene VHL? Should you take it when diagnosed with Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas? Should you take it when diagnosed with Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Should you take it when on Cisplatin treatment? Should you continue taking it if you change your treatment from Cisplatin to Radiation? So a general explanation like – it is organic and plant-based or it increases immunity is not sufficient information for making a decision of use of Linoleic Acid extracts and nutritional supplements.

Cancer

Genetic variations across cancer patients can be different and hence no two cancers are alike. The improved availability of “personalized to genetics” chemotherapy treatments and cancer disease monitoring via blood and saliva have been significant factors to improve outcomes. The earlier the lifestyle and treatment intervention – the better the influence on outcome. Genetic testing has the potential to assess cancer risk and susceptibility early. But for at-risk individuals besides regular monitoring in most cases there are no therapeutic treatment intervention options available. After diagnosis with cancer such as Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas, the treatments get personalized to tumor genomics and factors like staging of disease, age and gender. During cancer remission (after treatment cycle is complete) – monitoring is used for assessment of any relapse and accordingly decide on next steps. A large majority of cancer patients and those at-risk may take nutritional supplements like Linoleic Acid.

So the question is that are all genetic risks and cancer indications to be considered uniformly when making decisions on the use of Linoleic Acid extracts or nutritional supplements? Are the biochemical pathway implications of genetic risk for cancer due to mutation of gene TP53 the same as due to mutation of gene VHL? Are the implications of Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma the same as Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas? Is it one and the same if you are on treatment with Radiation or Cisplatin?

Linoleic Acid – An Extract or Nutritional Supplement

Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-6) required for normal growth and development. Linoleic acid is mostly found in plant oils. It is considered to play a key role in the following :

• Brain health
• Energy production
• Hair growth
• Reduced risk of coronary heart disease
• Reproduction 
• Bone density 

Linoleic Acid supplements contain many active ingredients including Linoleic Acid at different concentration levels. The molecular pathways which are regulated by Linoleic Acid include P53 Signaling, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Angiogenesis and Extracellular Matrix Remodelling. These biochemical pathways directly or indirectly regulate specific cancer molecular endpoints like growth, spread and death of cancer cells. Because of this biological regulation – for cancer nutrition, the right choice of supplements like Linoleic Acid individually or in combination is an important decision to be made. When making decisions on the use of supplement Linoleic Acid over other nutritional supplements – do consider all these factors.

Who Should not take Linoleic Acid Supplements and Why?

There is no easy way to answer the question “For which cancers should I not chooseLinoleic Acid nutritional supplements”. Just like the same chemotherapy treatment does not work across patients, for similar reasons Linoleic Acid in comparison with other nutritional supplements may be beneficial or not. Along with which cancer and associated genetics – the ongoing treatments, lifestyle habits, height, weight and food allergies are all factors in deciding if Linoleic Acid should be avoided or not and why.

1. Will Linoleic Acid Supplements benefit Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas patients undergoing Radiation treatment?

Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas is characterized and driven by specific genetic mutations like CTNNB1, FAT4 and APPBP2 leading to biochemical pathway changes in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Adherens junction and Androgen Signaling. A cancer treatment like Radiation works through a specific pathway mechanism of action. The goal is to have a good overlap between the treatment and cancer driving pathways for a personalized approach which is effective. In such a condition any food or nutritional supplement which has a contrary effect to the treatment or reduces the overlap should be avoided. As an example, Linoleic Acid supplement should not be taken for Primary Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas along with treatment Radiation. Linoleic Acid supplement impacts the biochemical pathway called Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition which either promotes drivers of the disease and/or nullifies the treatment effect. Some of the factors which should be considered when choosing nutrition are type of cancer, treatments and supplements being taken currently (if any

2. Will Linoleic Acid Supplements benefit Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients undergoing Cisplatin Treatment?

Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma is characterized and driven by specific genetic mutations like ABRAXAS1, PIK3CB and NUP93 leading to biochemical pathway changes in P53 Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Inositol Phosphate Signaling. A cancer treatment like Cisplatin works through specific pathway mechanisms. The goal is to have a good overlap between the treatment and cancer driving pathways for a personalized approach. In such a condition any food or nutritional supplement which supports treatment action or improves the overlap should be considered. As an example, Linoleic Acid supplements should be considered for Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma along with the treatment Cisplatin. Linoleic Acid supplement impacts pathways/processes like P53 Signaling which either obstruct drivers of Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma and/or improve Cisplatin treatment effect.

3. What about Linoleic Acid Supplements for Healthy Individuals with VHL Mutation associated Genetic Risk?

Different companies offer panels of genes to be tested for assessing genetic risk to different cancers. These panels cover genes associated with cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, and gastrointestinal system and others. Genetic testing of these genes may confirm a diagnosis and help guide treatment and management decisions. Identification of a disease-causing variant may also guide testing and diagnosis of at-risk relatives. VHL is one of the genes generally available in panels for cancer risk testing.

VHL mutation causes biochemical pathways/processes like Angiogenesis and Hypoxia to get impacted. These pathways are direct or indirect drivers of cancer molecular endpoints. Linoleic Acid should not be taken when the genetic panel identifies mutation of VHL for Kidney Cancer. Linoleic Acid impacts pathways/processes like Angiogenesis and creates adverse conditions with VHL.

4. What about Linoleic Acid Supplements for Healthy Individuals with TP53 Mutation associated Genetic Risk?

TP53 is one of the genes available in panels for cancer risk testing. TP53 mutation causes biochemical pathways/processes like Extracellular Matrix Remodelling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Apoptosis to get impacted. These pathways are direct or indirect drivers of cancer molecular endpoints. Linoleic Acid supplements may be considered when the genetic panel identifies mutations in TP53 for Lung Cancer. Linoleic Acid impacts pathways/processes like Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and creates a canceling effect in those individuals with TP53 mutation.

* Other Factors are also included like BMI, Treatments, Lifestyle Habits

In Conclusion

It is important to remember that cancer chemotherapy treatments and nutrition are never the same for everyone. Food and nutritional supplements like Linoleic Acid are chosen by you and can influence outcomes.

“What should I eat?” is a commonly asked question by cancer patients and those at-risk. The answer to this question depends on cancer indication, underlying genetics, current chemotherapy treatments, food allergies, lifestyle information, and food preferences.

The addon.life approach to nutrition personalization uses knowledge of active ingredients contained in foods and nutritional supplements, cancer biology, chemotherapy treatment action and genetic mutation prevalence across cancer indications. addon.life team of clinicians, clinical scientists and engineers are experts in cancer biology focusing only on nutrition personalization for cancer patients and those at-risk.

What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.

The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.

Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.

References

• Excess Linoleic Acid Increases Collagen I/III Ratio and Stiffens” the Heart Muscle Following High Fat Diets.”
• Genetic Determinants of Cisplatin Resistance in Patients With Advanced Germ Cell Tumors.
• Role of phospholipase D in migration and invasion induced by linoleic acid in breast cancer cells.
• Linoleic acid enhances angiogenesis through suppression of angiostatin induced by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.
• Whole-exome sequencing of neoplastic cysts of the pancreas reveals recurrent mutations in components of ubiquitin-dependent pathways.
• Radio resistance in breast cancer cells is mediated through TGF-β signalling, hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and cancer stem cells.
• cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics
• Cancer therapy shapes the fitness landscape of clonal hematopoiesis.

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