For Which Cancers Should I Avoid Omega-3 Supplement?

Highlights

Nutritional supplements and extracts like Omega-3 have benefits and are used by cancer patients and those at-genetic risk of cancer. There is limited or hardly any clinical data available for use of nutritional supplements and foods in cancer patients. Generating clinical evidence of efficacy for cancer through a randomized clinical trial is further infeasible due to variations in genetics and cancer chemotherapy treatments across cancer patients. Hence a different and new approach is needed to find out for which cancers you should not take Omega-3 supplement and why should not take them?

Is it okay to take Omega-3 extracts or supplements for all cancer indications and any chemotherapy treatment? A common belief but a myth is that everything natural can only be of benefit and do no harm. For example, the use of grapefruit with certain medications is not recommended. Another example is the use of spinach with some blood thinning medications can cause adverse interactions and hence to be avoided. For cancer, nutrition including plant-based foods and supplements can influence outcomes and hence an extremely important decision which needs to be made. Hence NIH-National Cancer Institute has a website for nutrition for cancer care for patients which are generalized recommendations and not personalized for cancer indication and treatments.

A frequently asked question by cancer patients and those at-risk is “What Foods and Nutritional Supplements could be beneficial over others for me?”. “Who should not take an extract or supplement and why?”. Generic guidelines like eating only plant-based-foods or avoiding all sugar or adopting a keto diet is a good start but not actionable and personalized enough.

To find answers to questions on extracts and nutritional supplements and foods requires knowledge of contained active ingredients; genetic mutation prevalence for cancer indication; understanding of underlying cancer biology; chemotherapy treatments and mechanism of actions of active ingredients.

Taking Omega-3 extracts or nutritional supplements may benefit Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients on Cisplatin treatment over Parsley nutritional supplements. But Omega-3 supplements or Omega-3 extracts offer less benefit if on Capecitabine treatment for Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia compared to Pomegranate. Similarly, taking nutritional supplements Omega-3 may benefit healthy individuals who are at genetic risk of cancer due to mutation of gene CDH1 over Pineapple. But avoid nutritional supplements Omega-3 when at genetic risk of cancer due to mutation of gene FGFR2.

The takeaway being – cancer, genomics, treatments and other personalized factors will influence decision making to questions like: Are extracts or nutritional supplements Omega-3 beneficial and should not be taken? Why should Omega-3 be not taken? Who should not take Omega-3? What are side effects of Omega-3 with Capecitabine chemotherapy? What are the benefits of Omega-3 for cancer? Can Omega-3 help fight cancer and so on.

Whenever there are changes in chemotherapy treatments or cancer tissue genetics – the nutrition may change and hence needs to be re-evaluated. Do consider factors like cancer indication, ongoing chemotherapy treatments and nutritional supplements, age, gender, weight, height, lifestyle and genetics for personalization of nutrition.

Brief Overview

Use of nutritional supplements – vitamins, herbs, minerals, probiotics, and other specialty categories are increasing. Supplements are high concentrations of active ingredients which are also found in different foods. Difference between supplements and foods being that foods contain more than one active ingredient at much lower concentrations. Every active ingredient in an extract or nutritional supplement or food has a unique mechanism of action which can influence nutrition decisions.

These are some example questions which nutrition planning should help answer for you. Should you take supplements Omega-3? Should you take it when at genetic risk of cancer for mutation of gene CDH1? Should you take it when at genetic risk of cancer for mutation of gene FGFR2? Should you take it when diagnosed with Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia? Should you take it when diagnosed with Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Should you take it when on Cisplatin treatment? Should you continue taking it if you change your treatment from Cisplatin to Capecitabine? So a general explanation like – it is organic and plant-based or it increases immunity is not sufficient information for making a decision of use of Omega-3 extracts and nutritional supplements.

Cancer

Genetic variations across cancer patients can be different and hence no two cancers are alike. The improved availability of “personalized to genetics” chemotherapy treatments and cancer disease monitoring via blood and saliva have been significant factors to improve outcomes. The earlier the lifestyle and treatment intervention – the better the influence on outcome. Genetic testing has the potential to assess cancer risk and susceptibility early. But for at-risk individuals besides regular monitoring in most cases there are no therapeutic treatment intervention options available. After diagnosis with cancer such as Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, the treatments get personalized to tumor genomics and factors like staging of disease, age and gender. During cancer remission (after treatment cycle is complete) – monitoring is used for assessment of any relapse and accordingly decide on next steps. A large majority of cancer patients and those at-risk may take nutritional supplements like Omega-3.

So the question is that are all genetic risks and cancer indications to be considered uniformly when making decisions on the use of Omega-3 extracts or nutritional supplements? Are the biochemical pathway implications of genetic risk for cancer due to mutation of gene CDH1 the same as due to mutation of gene FGFR2? Are the implications of Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma the same as Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia? Is it one and the same if you are on treatment with Capecitabine or Cisplatin?

Omega-3 – An Extract or Nutritional Supplement

Omega-3 supplements contain many active ingredients including Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid at different concentration levels. The molecular pathways which are regulated by Omega-3 include Cell Cycle, Vitamin D Signaling, Nutrient sensing and Apoptosis. These biochemical pathways directly or indirectly regulate specific cancer molecular endpoints like growth, spread and death of cancer cells. Because of this biological regulation – for cancer nutrition, the right choice of supplements like Omega-3 individually or in combination is an important decision to be made. When making decisions on the use of supplement Omega-3 over other nutritional supplements – do consider all these factors.

Who Should not take Omega-3 Supplements and Why?

There is no easy way to answer the question “For which cancers should I not chooseOmega-3 nutritional supplements”. Just like the same chemotherapy treatment does not work across patients, for similar reasons Omega-3 in comparison with other nutritional supplements may be beneficial or not. Along with which cancer and associated genetics – the ongoing treatments, lifestyle habits, height, weight and food allergies are all factors in deciding if Omega-3 should be avoided or not and why.

1. Will Omega-3 Supplements benefit Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia patients undergoing Capecitabine treatment?

Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia is characterized and driven by specific genetic mutations like SF3B1, TET2 and DNMT3A leading to biochemical pathway changes in Vitamin D Signaling, mRNA Splicing and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. A cancer treatment like Capecitabine works through a specific pathway mechanism of action. The goal is to have a good overlap between the treatment and cancer driving pathways for a personalized approach which is effective. In such a condition any food or nutritional supplement which has a contrary effect to the treatment or reduces the overlap should be avoided. As an example, Omega-3 supplement should not be taken for Primary Acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia along with treatment Capecitabine. Omega-3 supplement impacts the biochemical pathway called Vitamin D Signaling which either promotes drivers of the disease and/or nullifies the treatment effect. Some of the factors which should be considered when choosing nutrition are type of cancer, treatments and supplements being taken currently (if any

2. Will Omega-3 Supplements benefit Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients undergoing Cisplatin Treatment?

Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma is characterized and driven by specific genetic mutations like ABRAXAS1, PIK3CB and NUP93 leading to biochemical pathway changes in Cell Cycle, Hematopoiesis and Inositol Phosphate Signaling. A cancer treatment like Cisplatin works through specific pathway mechanisms. The goal is to have a good overlap between the treatment and cancer driving pathways for a personalized approach. In such a condition any food or nutritional supplement which supports treatment action or improves the overlap should be considered. As an example, Omega-3 supplements should be considered for Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma along with the treatment Cisplatin. Omega-3 supplement impacts pathways/processes like Cell Cycle which either obstruct drivers of Primary Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma and/or improve Cisplatin treatment effect.

3. What about Omega-3 Supplements for Healthy Individuals with FGFR2 Mutation associated Genetic Risk?

Different companies offer panels of genes to be tested for assessing genetic risk to different cancers. These panels cover genes associated with cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, and gastrointestinal system and others. Genetic testing of these genes may confirm a diagnosis and help guide treatment and management decisions. Identification of a disease-causing variant may also guide testing and diagnosis of at-risk relatives. FGFR2 is one of the genes generally available in panels for cancer risk testing.

FGFR2 mutation causes biochemical pathways/processes like Nutrient sensing, Growth Factor Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling to get impacted. These pathways are direct or indirect drivers of cancer molecular endpoints. Omega-3 should not be taken when the genetic panel identifies mutation of FGFR2 for Cholangiocarcinoma. Omega-3 impacts pathways/processes like Nutrient sensing and creates adverse conditions with FGFR2.

4. What about Omega-3 Supplements for Healthy Individuals with CDH1 Mutation associated Genetic Risk?

CDH1 is one of the genes available in panels for cancer risk testing. CDH1 mutation causes biochemical pathways/processes like Apoptosis, Adherens junction and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition to get impacted. These pathways are direct or indirect drivers of cancer molecular endpoints. Omega-3 supplements may be considered when the genetic panel identifies mutations in CDH1 for Gastric Cancer. Omega-3 impacts pathways/processes like Apoptosis and creates a canceling effect in those individuals with CDH1 mutation.

* Other Factors are also included like BMI, Treatments, Lifestyle Habits

In Conclusion

It is important to remember that cancer chemotherapy treatments and nutrition are never the same for everyone. Food and nutritional supplements like Omega-3 are chosen by you and can influence outcomes.

“What should I eat?” is a commonly asked question by cancer patients and those at-risk. The answer to this question depends on cancer indication, underlying genetics, current chemotherapy treatments, food allergies, lifestyle information, and food preferences.

The addon.life approach to nutrition personalization uses knowledge of active ingredients contained in foods and nutritional supplements, cancer biology, chemotherapy treatment action and genetic mutation prevalence across cancer indications. addon.life team of clinicians, clinical scientists and engineers are experts in cancer biology focusing only on nutrition personalization for cancer patients and those at-risk.

What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.

The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.

Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.

References

• Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the proliferation of Kras/TP53 double mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through modulation of glutathione level and suppression of nucleotide synthesis.
• Upregulation of p27Kip1 by demethylation sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells.
• Treatment of undifferentiated colorectal cancer cells with fish-oil derived docosahexaenoic acid triggers caspase-3 activation and apoptosis.
• Docosahexaenoic acid inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and suppressed breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
• Docosahexaenoic acid induces autophagy through p53/AMPK/mTOR signaling and promotes apoptosis in human cancer cells harboring wild-type p53.
• The c-MYC-ABCB5 axis plays a pivotal role in 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colon cancer cells.
• cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics
• Cancer therapy shapes the fitness landscape of clonal hematopoiesis.