Foods for Lung Carcinoid!

Introduction

Foods for Lung Carcinoid should be personalized for each individual and also must adapt when cancer treatment or tumor genetic change. The personalization and adaptation must consider all the active ingredients or bioactives contained in different foods with respect to cancer tissue biology, genetics, treatments, lifestyle conditions and diet preferences. Hence while nutrition is one of the very important decisions for a cancer patient and individual at risk of cancer to make – how to choose foods to eat is not an easy task.

For Lung Carcinoid does it matter what vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds one eats?

A very common nutrition question asked by cancer patients and individuals at-genetic risk of cancer is – for cancers like Lung Carcinoid does it matter what foods I eat and which I do not? Or if I follow a plant-based diet is that enough for cancer like Lung Carcinoid?

For example does it matter if vegetable Thistle is consumed more compared to Mountain Yam? Does it make any difference if fruit Nectarine is preferred over Pomegranate? Also if similar choices are made for nuts/seeds like Walnut over Cashew Nut and for pulses like Soy Bean over Common Pea. And if what I eat matters – then how does one identify foods which are recommended for Lung Carcinoid and is it the same answer for everyone with the same diagnosis or genetic risk?

Yes! Foods you eat matters for Lung Carcinoid!

Food recommendations may not be the same for everyone and can be different even for the same diagnosis and genetic risk.

All foods (vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, pulses, oils etc.) and nutritional supplements are made up of more than one active molecular ingredient or bio-actives in different proportions and quantities. Each active ingredient has a unique mechanism of action – which can be activation or inhibition of different biochemical pathways. Simply stated foods and supplements which are recommended are those which do not cause an increase of molecular drivers of cancer but reduce them. Else those foods should not be recommended. Foods contain multiple active ingredients – hence when evaluating foods and supplements you need to consider the impact of all active ingredients cumulatively rather than individually.

For example Nectarine contains active ingredients Eugenol, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid, Lutein, Beta-carotene. And Pomegranate contains active ingredients Corilagin, Eugenol, Luteolin, Linolenic Acid, Lutein and possibly others.

A common mistake made when deciding and choosing foods to eat for Lung Carcinoid – is to evaluate only selected active ingredients contained in foods and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on cancer drivers – you cannot cherry pick active ingredients in foods and supplements for making a nutrition decision for Lung Carcinoid.

YES – FOOD CHOICES MATTER FOR CANCER. NUTRITION DECISIONS MUST CONSIDER ALL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF FOODS.

Skills Needed for Nutrition Personalization for Lung Carcinoid?

Personalized nutrition for cancers like Lung Carcinoid consists of recommended foods / supplements; not recommended foods / supplements with example recipes which prioritize use of recommended foods. An example of personalized nutrition can be seen at this link.

Deciding which foods are recommended or not is extremely complicated, requiring expertise in Lung Carcinoid biology, food science, genetics, biochemistry along with good understanding of how cancer treatments work and associated vulnerabilities by which the treatments could stop being effective.

MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE EXPERTISE NEEDED FOR NUTRITION PERSONALIZATION FOR CANCER ARE: CANCER BIOLOGY, FOOD SCIENCE, CANCER TREATMENTS AND GENETICS.

Characteristics of cancers like Lung Carcinoid

All cancers like Lung Carcinoid can be characterized by a unique set of biochemical pathways – the signature pathways of Lung Carcinoid. Biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling, Chromatin Remodeling, Oncogenic Histone Methylation, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition are part of the signature definition of Lung Carcinoid. Each individual’s cancer genetics can be different and hence their specific cancer signature could be unique.

The treatments which are effective for Lung Carcinoid need to be cognizant of the associated signature biochemical pathways for each cancer patient and individual at genetic risk. Therefore different treatments with different mechanisms of actions are effective for different patients. Similarly and for the same reasons foods and supplements need to be personalized for each individual. Hence some foods and supplements are recommended for Lung Carcinoid when taking cancer treatment Radiation, and some foods and supplements are not recommended.

Sources like cBioPortal and many others provide population representative patient anonymized data from clinical trials for all cancer indications. This data consists of clinical trial study details like sample size / number of patients, age groups, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site and any genetic mutations.

ARID1A, EIF1AX, MEN1 and NOTCH1 are the top ranked reported genes for Lung Carcinoid. ARID1A is reported in 33.3 % of the representative patients across all clinical trials. And EIF1AX is reported in 16.7 %. The combined population patient data cover ages from to . 33.3 % of the patient data are identified as men. The Lung Carcinoid biology along with reported genetics together define the population represented signature biochemical pathways for this cancer. If the individual cancer tumor genetics or genes contributing to the risk are also known then that should also be used for nutrition personalization.

NUTRITION CHOICES SHOULD MATCH WITH EACH INDIVIDUAL’S CANCER SIGNATURE.

Food and Supplements for Lung Carcinoid

For Cancer Patients

Cancer patients on treatment or on palliative care need to make decisions on food and supplements – for the needed dietary calories, for managing any treatment side effects and also for improved cancer management. All plant-based foods are not equal and choosing and prioritizing foods which are personalized and customized to ongoing cancer treatment is important and complicated. Here are some examples providing guidelines for making nutrition decisions.

Choose Vegetable THISTLE or MOUNTAIN YAM?

Vegetable Thistle contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Silibinin, Eugenol, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid, Lutein. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling and others. Thistle is recommended for Lung Carcinoid when ongoing cancer treatment is Radiation. This is because Thistle modifies those biochemical pathways which have been scientifically reported to sensitize the effect of Radiation.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in vegetable Mountain Yam are Eugenol, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Lutein. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling and others. Mountain Yam is not recommended for Lung Carcinoid when ongoing cancer treatment is Radiation because it modifies those biochemical pathways which make the cancer treatment resistant or less responsive.

VEGETABLE THISTLE IS RECOMMENDED OVER MOUNTAIN YAM FOR Lung Carcinoid AND TREATMENT Radiation.

Choose Fruit POMEGRANATE or NECTARINE?

Fruit Pomegranate contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Corilagin, Eugenol, Luteolin, Linolenic Acid, Lutein. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling and others. Pomegranate is recommended for Lung Carcinoid when ongoing cancer treatment is Radiation. This is because Pomegranate modifies those biochemical pathways which have been scientifically reported to sensitize the effect of Radiation.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in fruit Nectarine are Eugenol, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid, Lutein, Beta-carotene. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling and others. Nectarine is not recommended for Lung Carcinoid when ongoing cancer treatment is Radiation because it modifies those biochemical pathways which make the cancer treatment resistant or less responsive.

FRUIT POMEGRANATE IS RECOMMENDED OVER NECTARINE FOR Lung Carcinoid AND TREATMENT Radiation.

Choose Nut WALNUT or CASHEW NUT?

Walnut contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Carvacrol, Eugenol, Luteolin, Chlorogenic Acid, Juglone. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling and others. Walnut is recommended for Lung Carcinoid when ongoing cancer treatment is Radiation. This is because Walnut modifies those biochemical pathways which have been scientifically reported to sensitize the effect of Radiation.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in Cashew Nut are Eugenol, Chlorogenic Acid, Anacardic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Lutein. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling and others. Cashew Nut is not recommended for Lung Carcinoid when ongoing cancer treatment is Radiation because it modifies those biochemical pathways which make the cancer treatment resistant or less responsive.

WALNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER CASHEW NUT FOR Lung Carcinoid AND TREATMENT Radiation.

For Individuals with Genetic Risk of Cancer

The question asked by individuals who have genetic risk of Lung Carcinoid or familial history is “What Should I Eat Differently from Before?” and how they should choose foods and supplements to manage risks of the disease. Since for cancer risk there is nothing actionable in terms of treatment – decisions of foods and supplements become important and one of the very few actionable things which can be done. All plant-based foods are not equal and based on identified genetics and pathway signature – the choices of food and supplements should be personalized.

Choose Vegetable GIANT BUTTERBUR or KOHLRABI?

Vegetable Giant Butterbur contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Curcumin, Apigenin, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Eugenol. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like MYC Signaling, TGFB Signaling, Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and others. Giant Butterbur is recommended for risk of Lung Carcinoid when associated genetic risk is ARID1A. This is because Giant Butterbur increases those biochemical pathways which counteract the signature drivers of it.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in vegetable Kohlrabi are Curcumin, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Eugenol, Phloretin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Notch Signaling, DNA Repair, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and others. Kohlrabi is not recommended when risk of Lung Carcinoid when associated genetic risk is ARID1A because it increases the signature pathways of it.

VEGETABLE GIANT BUTTERBUR IS RECOMMENDED OVER KOHLRABI FOR ARID1A GENETIC RISK OF CANCER.

Choose Fruit JAVA PLUM or LONGAN?

Fruit Java Plum contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Curcumin, Apigenin, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Eugenol. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like MYC Signaling, TGFB Signaling, Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and others. Java Plum is recommended for risk of Lung Carcinoid when associated genetic risk is ARID1A. This is because Java Plum increases those biochemical pathways which counteract the signature drivers of it.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in fruit Longan are Curcumin, Apigenin, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Eugenol. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like TGFB Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and others. Longan is not recommended when risk of Lung Carcinoid when associated genetic risk is ARID1A because it increases the signature pathways of it.

FRUIT JAVA PLUM IS RECOMMENDED OVER LONGAN FOR ARID1A GENETIC RISK OF CANCER.

Choose Nut BUTTERNUT or JAPANESE WALNUT?

Butternut contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Curcumin, Apigenin, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Eugenol. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Cell Cycle Checkpoints, DNA Repair, TGFB Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and others. Butternut is recommended for risk of Lung Carcinoid when associated genetic risk is ARID1A. This is because Butternut increases those biochemical pathways which counteract the signature drivers of it.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in Japanese Walnut are Curcumin, Apigenin, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Eugenol. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, TGFB Signaling and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and others. Japanese Walnut is not recommended when risk of Lung Carcinoid when associated genetic risk is ARID1A because it increases the signature pathways of it.

BUTTERNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER JAPANESE WALNUT FOR ARID1A GENETIC RISK OF CANCER.

In Conclusion

Foods and Supplements chosen are important decisions for cancers like Lung Carcinoid. Lung Carcinoid patients and individuals with genetic-risk always have this question: “What foods and nutritional supplements are recommended for me and which are not?” There is a common belief which is a misconception that all plant-based foods could be beneficial or not but would not be harmful. Certain foods and supplements can interfere with cancer treatments or promote molecular pathway drivers of cancer.

There are different types of cancer indications like Lung Carcinoid, each with different tumor genetics with further genomic variations across each individual. Further every cancer treatment and chemotherapy has a unique mechanism of action. Each food like Thistle contains various bioactives in different quantities, which have an impact on different and distinct sets of biochemical pathways. The definition of personalized nutrition is individualized food recommendations for the cancer indication, treatments, genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Nutrition personalization decisions for cancer require knowledge of cancer biology, food science and an understanding of different chemotherapy treatments. Finally when there are treatment changes or new genomics is identified – the nutrition personalization needs re-evaluation.

The addon nutrition personalization solution makes the decision making easy and removes all the guesswork in answering the question, “What foods should I choose or not choose for Lung Carcinoid?”. The addon multi-disciplinary team includes cancer physicians, clinical scientists, software engineers and data scientists.

References

• Msk Impact 2017
• Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients.
• Rhamnetin and cirsiliol induce radiosensitization and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by miR-34a-mediated suppression of Notch-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.
• Eugenol restricts Cancer Stem Cell population by degradation of β-catenin via N-terminal Ser37 phosphorylation-an in vivo and in vitro experimental evaluation.
• Corilagin suppresses cholangiocarcinoma progression through Notch signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
• Silybin-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling exerts antitumor activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
• Carvacrol Induced Program Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Inhibition of Notch Signaling.
• Melatonin and vitamin D3 synergistically down-regulate Akt and MDM2 leading to TGFβ-1-dependent growth inhibition of breast cancer cells.
• Betulinic Acid Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting GRP78-Mediated Glycolysis and ER Stress Apoptotic Pathway.