Highlights
No two cancers are the same, nor are they treated the same, and neither should nutrition be the same for everyone. Nutrition includes foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oils, herbs and spices. Also nutrition includes supplements which are high concentrations of foods or high concentrations of individual ingredients found in foods. For cancers like Yolk Sac Tumor when undergoing chemotherapy or when you determine you have a genetic risk for developing Yolk Sac Tumor because of CBL and ROS1 gene mutations, a very important question is “What foods should I avoid and what foods are recommended specifically for me?”. The other related question is “What nutritional supplements should I avoid?”.
There is no one answer to this question for cancers such as Yolk Sac Tumor which can be found through internet searches. The answer to the question is “It Depends” because the nutrition plan needs to be personalized for you. Nutrition should depend on the cancer indication, genetic information, adult or pediatric, staging, primary or secondary, advanced, metastatic, relapsed or refractory, ongoing treatments if any, nutritional supplements being taken, age and factors like gender, weight, height, lifestyle, allergies and food preferences.
In short – the process to answer questions like “Should I Avoid eating fruit Raspberry” or “Include fruit Orange in my diet” or “Should I reduce consumption of vegetable Brussels Sprout” or “Can I take Cardamom and Stevia supplements” is not as simple as internet searches. The process is very complex and answers are based on knowhow of genetics, action of treatments, active ingredients in foods and their associated biological action. Finally the answer to the nutrition question needs to be personalized for you.
RECOMMENDATION: PERSONALIZE YOUR FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO YOLK SAC TUMOR, TREATMENTS, GENETIC INFORMATION, AND OTHER CONDITIONS.
The overall objective of personalized nutrition for Yolk Sac Tumor is to minimize foods and nutritional supplements which have adverse interactions with cancer molecular drivers and ongoing treatments. And identify those foods and supplements which have a beneficial action. Whenever there are changes in treatments or diagnosis – it is important to remember that your foods and supplements need re-evaluation. And the answers to the nutrition question could be different based on the new context.
RECOMMENDATION: UPDATE YOUR NUTRITION FOR YOLK SAC TUMOR, WHEN TREATMENTS, DISEASE STATUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS CHANGE.
About Yolk Sac Tumor
cBioPortal is one source of collection of cancer patient data from clinical trials across 350 plus cancer indications. The data from each clinical trial includes the clinical trial name and study details like number of patients, ages, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site, genetic aberrations found and analysis of all the data. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was originally developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The public cBioPortal site is hosted by the Center for Molecular Oncology at MSK – https://www.cbioportal.org/about.
Following key highlights are derived from clinical data for Yolk Sac Tumor from cBioPortal. The patients enrolled in the studies for Yolk Sac Tumor are in ages between 31 to 51 with an average age of 38. 88.1% of males and 11.9% of females were the distribution of gender in these clinical studies. From a patient sample size of 44; the top genes with mutations and other abnormalities for Yolk Sac Tumor include genes TP53, KRAS, CBL, ROS1 and PALB2. The occurrence frequency distribution for these genes respectively is 46.2%, 30.8%, 23.1%, 15.4% and 7.7%. These tumor genetic details of Yolk Sac Tumor are mapped to molecular biochemical pathway drivers of cancer thereby providing definition of characteristic features of Yolk Sac Tumor.
Yolk sac tumor is a type of germ cell tumor that typically affects infants and young children. These tumors can develop in either males or females, and they develop in the testis, ovary and other sites. It is named after its histological appearance, which resembles the yolk sac of a developing embryo. The tumor is known to produce high levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be used as a marker for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Ultrasound is often used to image the tumor and to detect any metastasis (spread) to other parts of the body, such as the liver. Pure yolk sac tumors is the most common testicular cancer in prepubertal children, with a median age of 1.5 years. In adults, yolk sac tumors develop as mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumors at the age of 25-30 years. These yolk sac tumors may present as painless testicular masses, or for those with ovarian yolk sac tumors, they may have abdominal distention and sudden onset of pain. These tumors are aggressive in nature, tend to grow rapidly and metastasize to the neighboring tissues and lymph nodes. In adults, yolk sac tumors are rare but can occur, and the management of these tumors can be challenging due to their aggressive nature. The prognosis for patients with yolk sac tumor can vary depending on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as the patient’s overall health. Serum AFP levels can determine the prognostic category of the patient, with levels <1000 ng/ml associated with good prognosis and levels >10,000 ng/ml with poor prognosis. The treatment of yolk sac tumor typically involves surgical removal of the primary tumor and any metastatic lesions, followed by chemotherapy. In addition, supportive care with the optimal nutrition (foods and natural supplements) can help improve the patient’s well-being. (Ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563163/; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1612196-overview#showall )
Significance of Nutrition for Yolk Sac Tumor
All foods and nutritional supplements consist of a collection of one or more active chemical ingredients in different proportions and quantities. The action of some active ingredients in a food can have adverse interactions while other active ingredients in the same food may be supportive from the context of Yolk Sac Tumor. Hence the same food has good and not-so-good actions and analysis of combined effect will be needed to come up with a personalized nutrition plan.
For example Raspberry includes active ingredients Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Resveratrol, Vitamin C, Salicylic Acid and others. And Orange contains active ingredients D-limonene, Linalool, Modified Citrus Pectin, Linolenic Acid, Rhamnetin and others. It is likely that some of these active ingredients of the same food could have opposing effects and hence it is recommended to identify recommended foods based on analysis of all high quantity ingredients contained in foods.
For cancers like Yolk Sac Tumor, activation or inhibition of selected biochemical pathways like Cell Cycle, C-type Lectin Receptor Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling plays an important role in driving cancer growth. Similarly different treatments work via different molecular actions which should never be canceled out by your foods and supplements. The foods and nutritional supplements contain different active ingredients each of which have a specific molecular action on different biochemical pathways. Hence, eating some foods and nutritional supplements would be recommended with a specific treatment of Yolk Sac Tumor, while eating some other foods and supplements may not be recommended.
One common mistake when finding foods to eat or not – is to consider only a few active ingredients contained in foods based on internet searches and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on relevant biochemical pathways – it is recommended to consider all the high quantity active ingredients that are present in significant and much larger than trace amounts in the food.
RECOMMENDATION: TO FIND RECOMMENDED AND NON-RECOMMENDED FOODS FOR YOLK SAC TUMOR – CONSIDER HIGH QUANTITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN FOODS.
Foods for Yolk Sac Tumor undergoing chemotherapy treatment
In Yolk Sac Tumor – the genes TP53, KRAS, CBL, ROS1 and PALB2 have high occurrences of genomic abnormalities. Not all of these genes necessarily are relevant for cancer – though they have been reported. Some of these genes directly or indirectly end up manipulating different cancer related biochemical biological pathways. Some of the pathways which are relevant drivers for Yolk Sac Tumor are Cell Cycle, C-type Lectin Receptor Signaling, Notch Signaling and others. Cisplatin is one of the chemotherapies used for cancer treatment. The intent of treatment is to negate or cancel out effects of biochemical pathway drivers Cell Cycle, C-type Lectin Receptor Signaling, Notch Signaling so as to reduce disease progression and inhibit growth. Those foods whose combined action of active ingredients support treatment action and do not enhance disease drivers are recommended foods and supplements which will be included in personalized nutrition. And similarly – those foods whose combined action of active ingredients is not supportive of treatment action but end up promoting disease drives will not be recommended in your personalized nutrition plan.
RECOMMENDATION: AVOID SUPPLEMENTS AND FOODS WHICH ARE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF CANCER TREATMENT ACTION AND RATHER ENHANCE DISEASE DRIVERS.
Eat more pulses, Mung Bean or Pigeon Pea?
Pulses are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Mung Bean are Quercetin, Linolenic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitexin, Stigmasterol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Pigeon Pea are Linolenic Acid, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Genistein and others.
Quercetin can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and NFKB Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Genistein can manipulate biochemical pathways DNA Repair. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and P53 Signaling. And so on.
When treating Yolk Sac Tumor with chemotherapy Cisplatin – Foods like Mung Bean are recommended compared to Pigeon Pea. This is because the active ingredients Genistein and Folic Acid in Pigeon Pea interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Quercetin and Vitamin C contained in Mung Bean support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: MUNG BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER PIGEON PEA FOR YOLK SAC TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CISPLATIN FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more vegetables, Green Bean or Brussels Sprout?
Vegetables are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Green Bean are Ferulic Acid, Beta-sitosterol, Linolenic Acid, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Brussels Sprout are Beta-sitosterol, Linolenic Acid, Brassinin, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid and others.
Vitamin A can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, NFKB Signaling and MYC Signaling. Beta-sitosterol has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Apoptosis.
Indole-3-carbinol can manipulate biochemical pathways DNA Repair. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and P53 Signaling. And so on.
When treating Yolk Sac Tumor with chemotherapy Cisplatin – Foods like Green Bean are recommended compared to Brussels Sprout. This is because the active ingredients Indole-3-carbinol and Folic Acid in Brussels Sprout interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin A and Beta-sitosterol contained in Green Bean support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: GREEN BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER BRUSSELS SPROUT FOR YOLK SAC TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CISPLATIN FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more fruits, Orange or Raspberry?
Fruits are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Orange are D-limonene, Linalool, Modified Citrus Pectin, Linolenic Acid, Rhamnetin among others. While the active ingredients contained in Raspberry are Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Resveratrol, Vitamin C, Salicylic Acid and others.
D-limonene can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and NFKB Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. Resveratrol has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling and DNA Repair. And so on.
When treating Yolk Sac Tumor with chemotherapy Cisplatin – Foods like Orange are recommended compared to Raspberry. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Resveratrol in Raspberry interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients D-limonene and Vitamin C contained in Orange support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: ORANGE IS RECOMMENDED OVER RASPBERRY FOR YOLK SAC TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CISPLATIN FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more nuts, Hazelnut or Macadamia Nut?
Nuts are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Hazelnut are Quercetin, Vitamin E, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Macadamia Nut are Beta-sitosterol, Palmitic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Folic Acid and others.
Quercetin can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and NFKB Signaling. Vitamin E has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Palmitic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling and NFKB Signaling. Lauric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and MAPK Signaling. And so on.
When treating Yolk Sac Tumor with chemotherapy Cisplatin – Foods like Hazelnut are recommended compared to Macadamia Nut. This is because the active ingredients Palmitic Acid and Lauric Acid in Macadamia Nut interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Quercetin and Vitamin E contained in Hazelnut support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: HAZELNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER MACADAMIA NUT FOR YOLK SAC TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CISPLATIN FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Foods for Genetic Risk of Yolk Sac Tumor
One of the ways to assess risk of cancer is by checking for presence of genetic abnormalities in a set of genes. There is prior information on a list of genes whose mutations and other aberrations can play a role in risk to different cancers. CBL and ROS1 are two genes whose abnormalities are risk factors for Yolk Sac Tumor. In such a cancer risk situation – while there are typically no treatments which a physician can prescribe – the various biochemical pathways which are potentially molecular drivers of Yolk Sac Tumor can be used as a guide for coming up with a recommended personalized nutrition plan. For Yolk Sac Tumor gene CBL has causative impact on biological pathways like Growth Factor Signaling and CBL Signaling. And ROS1 has a causative impact on biological pathways like PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and MAPK Signaling. Foods and nutritional supplements which have molecular action to cancel out biochemical pathways effects of genes like CBL and ROS1 should be included in a personalized nutrition plan. And those foods and supplements which promote the effects of genes CBL and ROS1 should be avoided.
Eat more pulses, Hyacinth Bean or Chickpea?
The active ingredients contained in Hyacinth Bean are Vitamin C, Palmitic Acid, Genistein, Myristic Acid, Folic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chickpea are Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Genistein, Vitamin A, Folic Acid and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling.
Folic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Yolk Sac Tumor due to abnormalities in genes CBL and ROS1 – Foods like Hyacinth Bean are recommended compared to Chickpea. This is because the active ingredients Folic Acid in Chickpea further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C contained in Hyacinth Bean together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: HYACINTH BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHICKPEA FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF YOLK SAC TUMOR DUE TO GENES CBL AND ROS1
Eat more vegetables, Giant Butterbur or Okra?
The active ingredients contained in Giant Butterbur are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Vitamin B3, Melatonin, Kaempferol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Okra are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling. Beta-sitosterol has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Checkpoints.
Folic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Yolk Sac Tumor due to abnormalities in genes CBL and ROS1 – Foods like Giant Butterbur are recommended compared to Okra. This is because the active ingredients Folic Acid in Okra further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Beta-sitosterol contained in Giant Butterbur together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: GIANT BUTTERBUR IS RECOMMENDED OVER OKRA FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF YOLK SAC TUMOR DUE TO GENES CBL AND ROS1
Foods to Eat After Cancer Diagnosis!
No two cancers are the same. Go beyond the common nutrition guidelines for everyone and make personalized decisions about food and supplements with confidence.
Eat more fruits, Lemon or Cloudberry?
The active ingredients contained in Lemon are D-limonene, Vitamin C, Diosmetin, Hesperidin, Eucalyptol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Cloudberry are Vitamin C, Ellagic Acid, Urolithin B, Vitamin A and others.
D-limonene can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Checkpoints.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Yolk Sac Tumor due to abnormalities in genes CBL and ROS1 – Foods like Lemon are recommended compared to Cloudberry. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid in Cloudberry further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients D-limonene and Vitamin C contained in Lemon together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: LEMON IS RECOMMENDED OVER CLOUDBERRY FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF YOLK SAC TUMOR DUE TO GENES CBL AND ROS1
Eat more nuts, Almond or Cashew Nut?
The active ingredients contained in Almond are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin E, Linolenic Acid, Stigmasterol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Cashew Nut are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Palmitic Acid, Gallic Acid, Butyric Acid and others.
Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling. Quercetin has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, EPHRIN Signaling and Apoptosis.
Lauric Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Myristic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and Apoptosis. And so on.
For genetic risk of Yolk Sac Tumor due to abnormalities in genes CBL and ROS1 – Foods like Almond are recommended compared to Cashew Nut. This is because the active ingredients Lauric Acid and Myristic Acid in Cashew Nut further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Quercetin contained in Almond together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: ALMOND IS RECOMMENDED OVER CASHEW NUT FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF YOLK SAC TUMOR DUE TO GENES CBL AND ROS1
In Summary
An important thing to remember is that cancer treatments may not be the same for everyone – and neither should your nutrition be. Nutrition which includes food and nutritional supplements is a very effective tool controlled by you.
“What should I eat?” is the most frequently asked question in the context of cancer. The answer calculation is complex and depends upon cancer type, underlying genomics, current treatments, any allergies, lifestyle information, and factors like BMI.
The addon personalized nutrition plan recommends foods and supplements which minimizes adverse nutrition interactions and encourages support to treatments.
You can get started NOW and design a personalized nutrition plan for Yolk Sac Tumor by answering questions on type of cancer, current treatments, supplements, allergies, age group, gender, and lifestyle information.
What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.
The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.
Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.
References
- Msk Impact 2017
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- Microbiome analyses of blood and tissues suggest cancer diagnostic approach.
- Perspective on Oncogenic Processes at the End of the Beginning of Cancer Genomics.
- Landscape of Microsatellite Instability Across 39 Cancer Types.
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- Effects of folate deficiency on gene expression in the apoptosis and cancer pathways in colon cancer cells.
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- Identification of ellagic acid as potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2: a successful example of a virtual screening application.
- Resveratrol, a remarkable inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase.
- Transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 by PML/RARalpha.
- β-Sitosterol targets Trx/Trx1 reductase to induce apoptosis in A549 cells via ROS mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation.
- Indole-3-carbinol activates the ATM signaling pathway independent of DNA damage to stabilize p53 and induce G1 arrest of human mammary epithelial cells.
- Gamma-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells is associated with a suppression in mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling.
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- Clinical pharmacodynamics of antihistamines.
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- HyperFoods: Machine intelligent mapping of cancer-beating molecules in foods.
Personalized Nutrition for Cancer!
Cancer changes with time. Customize and modify your nutrition based on cancer indication, treatments, lifestyle, food preferences, allergies and other factors.