Highlights
No two cancers are the same, nor are they treated the same, and neither should nutrition be the same for everyone. Nutrition includes foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oils, herbs and spices. Also nutrition includes supplements which are high concentrations of foods or high concentrations of individual ingredients found in foods. For cancers like Acute Lymphoid Leukemia when undergoing chemotherapy or when you determine you have a genetic risk for developing Acute Lymphoid Leukemia because of NRAS and SETD2 gene mutations, a very important question is “What foods should I avoid and what foods are recommended specifically for me?”. The other related question is “What nutritional supplements should I avoid?”.
There is no one answer to this question for cancers such as Acute Lymphoid Leukemia which can be found through internet searches. The answer to the question is “It Depends” because the nutrition plan needs to be personalized for you. Nutrition should depend on the cancer indication, genetic information, adult or pediatric, staging, primary or secondary, advanced, metastatic, relapsed or refractory, ongoing treatments if any, nutritional supplements being taken, age and factors like gender, weight, height, lifestyle, allergies and food preferences.
In short – the process to answer questions like “Should I Avoid eating fruit Pummelo” or “Include fruit Salmonberry in my diet” or “Should I reduce consumption of vegetable Chicory” or “Can I take Guggul and D-limonene supplements” is not as simple as internet searches. The process is very complex and answers are based on knowhow of genetics, action of treatments, active ingredients in foods and their associated biological action. Finally the answer to the nutrition question needs to be personalized for you.
RECOMMENDATION: PERSONALIZE YOUR FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA, TREATMENTS, GENETIC INFORMATION, AND OTHER CONDITIONS.
The overall objective of personalized nutrition for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia is to minimize foods and nutritional supplements which have adverse interactions with cancer molecular drivers and ongoing treatments. And identify those foods and supplements which have a beneficial action. Whenever there are changes in treatments or diagnosis – it is important to remember that your foods and supplements need re-evaluation. And the answers to the nutrition question could be different based on the new context.
RECOMMENDATION: UPDATE YOUR NUTRITION FOR ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA, WHEN TREATMENTS, DISEASE STATUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS CHANGE.
About Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
cBioPortal is one source of collection of cancer patient data from clinical trials across 350 plus cancer indications. The data from each clinical trial includes the clinical trial name and study details like number of patients, ages, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site, genetic aberrations found and analysis of all the data. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was originally developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The public cBioPortal site is hosted by the Center for Molecular Oncology at MSK – https://www.cbioportal.org/about.
Following key highlights are derived from clinical data for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia from cBioPortal. The patients enrolled in the studies for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia are in ages between 1 to 30 with an average age of 9. 58.9% of males and 41.1% of females were the distribution of gender in these clinical studies. From a patient sample size of 1790; the top genes with mutations and other abnormalities for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia include genes NRAS, KMT2D, SETD2, TBL1XR1 and ZEB2. The occurrence frequency distribution for these genes respectively is 25.7%, 20.0%, 12.9%, 11.4% and 7.1%. These tumor genetic details of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia are mapped to molecular biochemical pathway drivers of cancer thereby providing definition of characteristic features of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia.
Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is a blood cancer of the white blood cells or lymphocytes that progresses rapidly. It is also called acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ALL can occur in adults or children but the prognosis in adults is poor while there is a good chance of a cure in children. Symptoms of ALL include bleeding from the gums, bone pain, fever, frequent infections, frequent or severe nosebleeds, lumps caused by swollen lymph nodes in and around the neck, armpits, abdomen or groin, pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, and fatigue. Children or adults who have been exposed to certain types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for other cancers may have an increased risk of developing ALL. Treatments for acute lymphoid leukemia include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and stem cell transplants. In addition, complementary supportive care with the right foods, herbs and natural supplements might be helpful in improving patient’s well-being. (Ref: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/treating.html; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20369077)
Significance of Nutrition for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
All foods and nutritional supplements consist of a collection of one or more active chemical ingredients in different proportions and quantities. The action of some active ingredients in a food can have adverse interactions while other active ingredients in the same food may be supportive from the context of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia. Hence the same food has good and not-so-good actions and analysis of combined effect will be needed to come up with a personalized nutrition plan.
For example Pummelo includes active ingredients Beta-sitosterol, Naringin, Vitamin C, Chlorogenic Acid, Oleic Acid and others. And Salmonberry contains active ingredients Protocatechuic Acid, P-coumaric Acid, Vanillic Acid, Vitamin A and others. It is likely that some of these active ingredients of the same food could have opposing effects and hence it is recommended to identify recommended foods based on analysis of all high quantity ingredients contained in foods.
For cancers like Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, activation or inhibition of selected biochemical pathways like Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, Chromatin Remodeling, RAS-RAF Signaling, MAPK Signaling plays an important role in driving cancer growth. Similarly different treatments work via different molecular actions which should never be canceled out by your foods and supplements. The foods and nutritional supplements contain different active ingredients each of which have a specific molecular action on different biochemical pathways. Hence, eating some foods and nutritional supplements would be recommended with a specific treatment of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, while eating some other foods and supplements may not be recommended.
One common mistake when finding foods to eat or not – is to consider only a few active ingredients contained in foods based on internet searches and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on relevant biochemical pathways – it is recommended to consider all the high quantity active ingredients that are present in significant and much larger than trace amounts in the food.
RECOMMENDATION: TO FIND RECOMMENDED AND NON-RECOMMENDED FOODS FOR ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA – CONSIDER HIGH QUANTITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN FOODS.
Foods for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia undergoing chemotherapy treatment
In Acute Lymphoid Leukemia – the genes NRAS, KMT2D, SETD2, TBL1XR1 and ZEB2 have high occurrences of genomic abnormalities. Not all of these genes necessarily are relevant for cancer – though they have been reported. Some of these genes directly or indirectly end up manipulating different cancer related biochemical biological pathways. Some of the pathways which are relevant drivers for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia are Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, Chromatin Remodeling, Vitamin Metabolism and others. Cytarabine is one of the chemotherapies used for cancer treatment. The intent of treatment is to negate or cancel out effects of biochemical pathway drivers Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, Chromatin Remodeling, Vitamin Metabolism so as to reduce disease progression and inhibit growth. Those foods whose combined action of active ingredients support treatment action and do not enhance disease drivers are recommended foods and supplements which will be included in personalized nutrition. And similarly – those foods whose combined action of active ingredients is not supportive of treatment action but end up promoting disease drives will not be recommended in your personalized nutrition plan.
RECOMMENDATION: AVOID SUPPLEMENTS AND FOODS WHICH ARE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF CANCER TREATMENT ACTION AND RATHER ENHANCE DISEASE DRIVERS.
Eat more pulses, Mung Bean or Black-eyed Pea?
Pulses are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Mung Bean are Quercetin, Kaempferol, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Genistein among others. While the active ingredients contained in Black-eyed Pea are Daidzein, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Genistein, Beta-carotene and others.
Quercetin can manipulate biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, Angiogenesis and MAPK Signaling. Kaempferol has biological action on biochemical pathways Inflammation, RAS-RAF Signaling and JAK-STAT Signaling.
Beta-carotene can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling. Vitamin B3 has biological action on biochemical pathways Angiogenesis and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
When treating Acute Lymphoid Leukemia with chemotherapy Cytarabine – Foods like Mung Bean are recommended compared to Black-eyed Pea. This is because the active ingredients Beta-carotene and Vitamin B3 in Black-eyed Pea interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Quercetin and Kaempferol contained in Mung Bean support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: MUNG BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER BLACK-EYED PEA FOR ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYTARABINE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more vegetables, Arugula or Chicory?
Vegetables are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Arugula are Kaempferol, Esculin, Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Erysolin among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chicory are Quercetin, Apigenin, Lupeol, Kaempferol, Protocatechuic Acid and others.
Kaempferol can manipulate biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, Angiogenesis and MAPK Signaling. Vitamin A has biological action on biochemical pathways Inflammation, Amino Acid Metabolism and MYC Signaling.
Apigenin can manipulate biochemical pathways Vitamin D Signaling, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Luteolin has biological action on biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
When treating Acute Lymphoid Leukemia with chemotherapy Cytarabine – Foods like Arugula are recommended compared to Chicory. This is because the active ingredients Apigenin and Luteolin in Chicory interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Kaempferol and Vitamin A contained in Arugula support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: ARUGULA IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHICORY FOR ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYTARABINE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more fruits, Salmonberry or Pummelo?
Fruits are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Salmonberry are Protocatechuic Acid, P-coumaric Acid, Vanillic Acid, Vitamin A among others. While the active ingredients contained in Pummelo are Beta-sitosterol, Naringin, Vitamin C, Chlorogenic Acid, Oleic Acid and others.
Protocatechuic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Angiogenesis and Inflammation. P-coumaric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Amino Acid Metabolism, MYC Signaling and Chromatin Remodeling.
Naringetol can manipulate biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Hesperetin has biological action on biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. And so on.
When treating Acute Lymphoid Leukemia with chemotherapy Cytarabine – Foods like Salmonberry are recommended compared to Pummelo. This is because the active ingredients Naringetol and Hesperetin in Pummelo interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Protocatechuic Acid and P-coumaric Acid contained in Salmonberry support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: SALMONBERRY IS RECOMMENDED OVER PUMMELO FOR ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYTARABINE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more nuts, Pistachio or Cashew Nut?
Nuts are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Pistachio are Resveratrol, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin E, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Cashew Nut are Butyric Acid, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Gallic Acid, Vitamin K and others.
Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, Angiogenesis and Inflammation. Resveratrol has biological action on biochemical pathways RAS-RAF Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and Amino Acid Metabolism.
Myristic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Angiogenesis and MYC Signaling. Lauric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Inflammation and MAPK Signaling. And so on.
When treating Acute Lymphoid Leukemia with chemotherapy Cytarabine – Foods like Pistachio are recommended compared to Cashew Nut. This is because the active ingredients Myristic Acid and Lauric Acid in Cashew Nut interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Resveratrol contained in Pistachio support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: PISTACHIO IS RECOMMENDED OVER CASHEW NUT FOR ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYTARABINE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Foods for Genetic Risk of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
One of the ways to assess risk of cancer is by checking for presence of genetic abnormalities in a set of genes. There is prior information on a list of genes whose mutations and other aberrations can play a role in risk to different cancers. NRAS and SETD2 are two genes whose abnormalities are risk factors for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia. In such a cancer risk situation – while there are typically no treatments which a physician can prescribe – the various biochemical pathways which are potentially molecular drivers of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia can be used as a guide for coming up with a recommended personalized nutrition plan. For Acute Lymphoid Leukemia gene NRAS has causative impact on biological pathways like G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling, Growth Factor Signaling and RAS-RAF Signaling. And SETD2 has a causative impact on biological pathways like Oncogenic Histone Methylation. Foods and nutritional supplements which have molecular action to cancel out biochemical pathways effects of genes like NRAS and SETD2 should be included in a personalized nutrition plan. And those foods and supplements which promote the effects of genes NRAS and SETD2 should be avoided.
Eat more pulses, Lentils or Pigeon Pea?
The active ingredients contained in Lentils are Ellagic Acid, Esculin, Daidzein, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C among others. While the active ingredients contained in Pigeon Pea are Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Genistein and others.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and RAS-RAF Signaling. Esculin has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Folic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and RAS-RAF Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia due to abnormalities in genes NRAS and SETD2 – Foods like Lentils are recommended compared to Pigeon Pea. This is because the active ingredients Folic Acid in Pigeon Pea further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Esculin contained in Lentils together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: LENTILS IS RECOMMENDED OVER PIGEON PEA FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA DUE TO GENES NRAS AND SETD2
Eat more vegetables, Cassava or Radish?
The active ingredients contained in Cassava are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Radish are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and RAS-RAF Signaling. Beta-sitosterol has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Pelargonidin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and P53 Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia due to abnormalities in genes NRAS and SETD2 – Foods like Cassava are recommended compared to Radish. This is because the active ingredients Pelargonidin and Folic Acid in Radish further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Beta-sitosterol contained in Cassava together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: CASSAVA IS RECOMMENDED OVER RADISH FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA DUE TO GENES NRAS AND SETD2
Foods to Eat After Cancer Diagnosis!
No two cancers are the same. Go beyond the common nutrition guidelines for everyone and make personalized decisions about food and supplements with confidence.
Eat more fruits, Orange or Cranberry?
The active ingredients contained in Orange are D-limonene, Linalool, Modified Citrus Pectin, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Cranberry are Ellagic Acid, Quercetin, Hyperoside, Vitamin C, Myricetin and others.
D-limonene can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and RAS-RAF Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Myricetin can manipulate biochemical pathways Oncogenic Histone Methylation. And so on.
For genetic risk of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia due to abnormalities in genes NRAS and SETD2 – Foods like Orange are recommended compared to Cranberry. This is because the active ingredients Myricetin in Cranberry further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients D-limonene and Vitamin C contained in Orange together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: ORANGE IS RECOMMENDED OVER CRANBERRY FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA DUE TO GENES NRAS AND SETD2
Eat more nuts, Almond or Macadamia Nut?
The active ingredients contained in Almond are Quercetin, Vitamin E, Beta-sitosterol, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Macadamia Nut are Beta-sitosterol, Palmitic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Folic Acid and others.
Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, P53 Signaling and MYC Signaling. Quercetin has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Palmitic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling. Lauric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and MAPK Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia due to abnormalities in genes NRAS and SETD2 – Foods like Almond are recommended compared to Macadamia Nut. This is because the active ingredients Palmitic Acid and Lauric Acid in Macadamia Nut further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Quercetin contained in Almond together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: ALMOND IS RECOMMENDED OVER MACADAMIA NUT FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA DUE TO GENES NRAS AND SETD2
In Summary
An important thing to remember is that cancer treatments may not be the same for everyone – and neither should your nutrition be. Nutrition which includes food and nutritional supplements is a very effective tool controlled by you.
“What should I eat?” is the most frequently asked question in the context of cancer. The answer calculation is complex and depends upon cancer type, underlying genomics, current treatments, any allergies, lifestyle information, and factors like BMI.
The addon personalized nutrition plan recommends foods and supplements which minimizes adverse nutrition interactions and encourages support to treatments.
You can get started NOW and design a personalized nutrition plan for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia by answering questions on type of cancer, current treatments, supplements, allergies, age group, gender, and lifestyle information.
What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.
The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.
Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.
References
- All Stjude 2015
- The genomic landscape of hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- Protein kinase and HDAC inhibitors from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum.
- Small-molecule inhibitors of NADPH oxidase 4.
- Growth stimulation of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and small airway epithelial cells by beta-carotene via activation of cAMP, PKA, CREB and ERK1/2.
- Resveratrol modulates tumor cell proliferation and protein translation via SIRT1-dependent AMPK activation.
- Protocatechuic acid inhibits lung cancer cells by modulating FAK, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways.
- Antiproliferative effect of p-Coumaric acid targets UPR activation by downregulating Grp78 in colon cancer.
- Retinol decreases beta-catenin protein levels in retinoic acid-resistant colon cancer cell lines.
- Crystal structure of a human cyclin-dependent kinase 6 complex with a flavonol inhibitor, fisetin.
- β-Sitosterol targets Trx/Trx1 reductase to induce apoptosis in A549 cells via ROS mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation.
- Resveratrol induces autophagy by directly inhibiting mTOR through ATP competition.
- Identification of covalently bound amino-terminal myristic acid in endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
- Clinical pharmacodynamics of antihistamines.
- Indeno[1,2-b]indole derivatives as a novel class of potent human protein kinase CK2 inhibitors.
- Esculin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and regulated TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro through MAPK pathway.
- Sequential protooncogene expression in regenerating kidney following acute renal injury.
- D-Limonene modulates inflammation, oxidative stress and Ras-ERK pathway to inhibit murine skin tumorigenesis.
- Vitamin C selectively kills KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer cells by targeting GAPDH.
- Inhibitors of histone demethylases.
- Pelargonidin suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through inhibition of PPAR-γ signaling pathway.
- HyperFoods: Machine intelligent mapping of cancer-beating molecules in foods.
Personalized Nutrition for Cancer!
Cancer changes with time. Customize and modify your nutrition based on cancer indication, treatments, lifestyle, food preferences, allergies and other factors.