Highlights
No two cancers are the same, nor are they treated the same, and neither should nutrition be the same for everyone. Nutrition includes foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oils, herbs and spices. Also nutrition includes supplements which are high concentrations of foods or high concentrations of individual ingredients found in foods. For cancers like Primary Myelofibrosis when undergoing chemotherapy or when you determine you have a genetic risk for developing Primary Myelofibrosis because of JAK2 and CALR gene mutations, a very important question is “What foods should I avoid and what foods are recommended specifically for me?”. The other related question is “What nutritional supplements should I avoid?”.
There is no one answer to this question for cancers such as Primary Myelofibrosis which can be found through internet searches. The answer to the question is “It Depends” because the nutrition plan needs to be personalized for you. Nutrition should depend on the cancer indication, genetic information, adult or pediatric, staging, primary or secondary, advanced, metastatic, relapsed or refractory, ongoing treatments if any, nutritional supplements being taken, age and factors like gender, weight, height, lifestyle, allergies and food preferences.
In short – the process to answer questions like “Should I Avoid eating fruit Cranberry” or “Include fruit Watermelon in my diet” or “Should I reduce consumption of vegetable Chicory” or “Can I take Pterostilbene and Andrographis supplements” is not as simple as internet searches. The process is very complex and answers are based on knowhow of genetics, action of treatments, active ingredients in foods and their associated biological action. Finally the answer to the nutrition question needs to be personalized for you.
RECOMMENDATION: PERSONALIZE YOUR FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS, TREATMENTS, GENETIC INFORMATION, AND OTHER CONDITIONS.
The overall objective of personalized nutrition for Primary Myelofibrosis is to minimize foods and nutritional supplements which have adverse interactions with cancer molecular drivers and ongoing treatments. And identify those foods and supplements which have a beneficial action. Whenever there are changes in treatments or diagnosis – it is important to remember that your foods and supplements need re-evaluation. And the answers to the nutrition question could be different based on the new context.
RECOMMENDATION: UPDATE YOUR NUTRITION FOR PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS, WHEN TREATMENTS, DISEASE STATUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS CHANGE.
About Primary Myelofibrosis
cBioPortal is one source of collection of cancer patient data from clinical trials across 350 plus cancer indications. The data from each clinical trial includes the clinical trial name and study details like number of patients, ages, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site, genetic aberrations found and analysis of all the data. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was originally developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The public cBioPortal site is hosted by the Center for Molecular Oncology at MSK – https://www.cbioportal.org/about.
Following key highlights are derived from clinical data for Primary Myelofibrosis from cBioPortal. From a patient sample size of 61; the top genes with mutations and other abnormalities for Primary Myelofibrosis include genes JAK2, ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3A and CALR. The occurrence frequency distribution for these genes respectively is 58.3%, 31.7%, 25.0%, 20.0% and 18.3%. These tumor genetic details of Primary Myelofibrosis are mapped to molecular biochemical pathway drivers of cancer thereby providing definition of characteristic features of Primary Myelofibrosis.
Significance of Nutrition for Primary Myelofibrosis
All foods and nutritional supplements consist of a collection of one or more active chemical ingredients in different proportions and quantities. The action of some active ingredients in a food can have adverse interactions while other active ingredients in the same food may be supportive from the context of Primary Myelofibrosis. Hence the same food has good and not-so-good actions and analysis of combined effect will be needed to come up with a personalized nutrition plan.
For example Cranberry includes active ingredients Resveratrol, Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Vitamin C, Myricetin and others. And Watermelon contains active ingredients Cucurbitacin E, Lycopene, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid and others. It is likely that some of these active ingredients of the same food could have opposing effects and hence it is recommended to identify recommended foods based on analysis of all high quantity ingredients contained in foods.
For cancers like Primary Myelofibrosis, activation or inhibition of selected biochemical pathways like RAS-RAF Signaling, Cytokine Signaling, Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, JAK-STAT Signaling plays an important role in driving cancer growth. Similarly different treatments work via different molecular actions which should never be canceled out by your foods and supplements. The foods and nutritional supplements contain different active ingredients each of which have a specific molecular action on different biochemical pathways. Hence, eating some foods and nutritional supplements would be recommended with a specific treatment of Primary Myelofibrosis, while eating some other foods and supplements may not be recommended.
One common mistake when finding foods to eat or not – is to consider only a few active ingredients contained in foods based on internet searches and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on relevant biochemical pathways – it is recommended to consider all the high quantity active ingredients that are present in significant and much larger than trace amounts in the food.
RECOMMENDATION: TO FIND RECOMMENDED AND NON-RECOMMENDED FOODS FOR PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS – CONSIDER HIGH QUANTITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN FOODS.
Foods for Primary Myelofibrosis undergoing chemotherapy treatment
In Primary Myelofibrosis – the genes JAK2, ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3A and CALR have high occurrences of genomic abnormalities. Not all of these genes necessarily are relevant for cancer – though they have been reported. Some of these genes directly or indirectly end up manipulating different cancer related biochemical biological pathways. Some of the pathways which are relevant drivers for Primary Myelofibrosis are RAS-RAF Signaling, Cytokine Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and others. Ruxolitinib is one of the chemotherapies used for cancer treatment. The intent of treatment is to negate or cancel out effects of biochemical pathway drivers RAS-RAF Signaling, Cytokine Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling so as to reduce disease progression and inhibit growth. Those foods whose combined action of active ingredients support treatment action and do not enhance disease drivers are recommended foods and supplements which will be included in personalized nutrition. And similarly – those foods whose combined action of active ingredients is not supportive of treatment action but end up promoting disease drives will not be recommended in your personalized nutrition plan.
RECOMMENDATION: AVOID SUPPLEMENTS AND FOODS WHICH ARE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF CANCER TREATMENT ACTION AND RATHER ENHANCE DISEASE DRIVERS.
Eat more pulses, Mung Bean or Pigeon Pea?
Pulses are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Mung Bean are Stigmasterol, Quercetin, Vitamin C, Glucaric Acid, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Pigeon Pea are Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Genistein, Linoleic Acid and others.
Stigmasterol can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and MYC Signaling. Quercetin has biological action on biochemical pathways RAS-RAF Signaling, Hypoxia and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics.
Folic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and JAK-STAT Signaling. And so on.
When treating Primary Myelofibrosis with chemotherapy Ruxolitinib – Foods like Mung Bean are recommended compared to Pigeon Pea. This is because the active ingredients Folic Acid in Pigeon Pea interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Stigmasterol and Quercetin contained in Mung Bean support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: MUNG BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER PIGEON PEA FOR PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY RUXOLITINIB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more vegetables, Bitter Melon or Chicory?
Vegetables are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Bitter Melon are Cucurbitacin I, Cucurbitacin E, Vitamin C, Beta-sitosterol, Cianidanol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chicory are Betulinic Acid, Protocatechuic Acid, Quercetin, Apigenin, Vitamin C and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and MYC Signaling. Cucurbitacin I has biological action on biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Cytokine Signaling.
Luteolin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. Esculetin has biological action on biochemical pathways Hypoxia. And so on.
When treating Primary Myelofibrosis with chemotherapy Ruxolitinib – Foods like Bitter Melon are recommended compared to Chicory. This is because the active ingredients Luteolin and Esculetin in Chicory interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Cucurbitacin I contained in Bitter Melon support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: BITTER MELON IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHICORY FOR PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY RUXOLITINIB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more fruits, Watermelon or Cranberry?
Fruits are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Watermelon are Cucurbitacin E, Lycopene, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Cranberry are Resveratrol, Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Vitamin C, Myricetin and others.
Lycopene can manipulate biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and JAK-STAT Signaling. Cucurbitacin E has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Cytokine Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. Myricetin has biological action on biochemical pathways Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. And so on.
When treating Primary Myelofibrosis with chemotherapy Ruxolitinib – Foods like Watermelon are recommended compared to Cranberry. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Myricetin in Cranberry interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Lycopene and Cucurbitacin E contained in Watermelon support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: WATERMELON IS RECOMMENDED OVER CRANBERRY FOR PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY RUXOLITINIB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more nuts, Almond or Chestnut?
Nuts are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Almond are Stigmasterol, Quercetin, Vitamin B3, Vitamin E, Beta-sitosterol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chestnut are Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid and others.
Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Hypoxia and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. Stigmasterol has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and JAK-STAT Signaling. And so on.
When treating Primary Myelofibrosis with chemotherapy Ruxolitinib – Foods like Almond are recommended compared to Chestnut. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Folic Acid in Chestnut interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Stigmasterol contained in Almond support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: ALMOND IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHESTNUT FOR PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY RUXOLITINIB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Foods for Genetic Risk of Primary Myelofibrosis
One of the ways to assess risk of cancer is by checking for presence of genetic abnormalities in a set of genes. There is prior information on a list of genes whose mutations and other aberrations can play a role in risk to different cancers. JAK2 and CALR are two genes whose abnormalities are risk factors for Primary Myelofibrosis. In such a cancer risk situation – while there are typically no treatments which a physician can prescribe – the various biochemical pathways which are potentially molecular drivers of Primary Myelofibrosis can be used as a guide for coming up with a recommended personalized nutrition plan. For Primary Myelofibrosis gene JAK2 has causative impact on biological pathways like AGE-RAGE Signaling, Chemokine Signaling and Hematopoiesis. And CALR has a causative impact on biological pathways like Antigen Presentation and Post Translation Modification. Foods and nutritional supplements which have molecular action to cancel out biochemical pathways effects of genes like JAK2 and CALR should be included in a personalized nutrition plan. And those foods and supplements which promote the effects of genes JAK2 and CALR should be avoided.
Eat more pulses, Winged Bean or Adzuki Bean?
The active ingredients contained in Winged Bean are Betulinic Acid, Oleic Acid, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Linoleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Adzuki Bean are Isoliquiritigenin, Glucaric Acid, Genistein, Folic Acid and others.
Betulinic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, Cytokine Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics.
Folic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Primary Myelofibrosis due to abnormalities in genes JAK2 and CALR – Foods like Winged Bean are recommended compared to Adzuki Bean. This is because the active ingredients Folic Acid in Adzuki Bean further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Betulinic Acid and Vitamin C contained in Winged Bean together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: WINGED BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER ADZUKI BEAN FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS DUE TO GENES JAK2 AND CALR
Eat more vegetables, Cucumber or Carob?
The active ingredients contained in Cucumber are Cucurbitacin I, Cucurbitacin E, Salicylic Acid, Lupeol, Caffeic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Carob are Myricetin, Quercetin, Phloroglucinol, Gallic Acid, Palmitic Acid and others.
Cucurbitacin I can manipulate biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, Cytokine Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Cucurbitacin E has biological action on biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, Cytokine Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Palmitic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. Myricetin has biological action on biochemical pathways Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. And so on.
For genetic risk of Primary Myelofibrosis due to abnormalities in genes JAK2 and CALR – Foods like Cucumber are recommended compared to Carob. This is because the active ingredients Palmitic Acid and Myricetin in Carob further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Cucurbitacin I and Cucurbitacin E contained in Cucumber together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: CUCUMBER IS RECOMMENDED OVER CAROB FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS DUE TO GENES JAK2 AND CALR
Foods to Eat After Cancer Diagnosis!
No two cancers are the same. Go beyond the common nutrition guidelines for everyone and make personalized decisions about food and supplements with confidence.
Eat more fruits, Pomegranate or Papaya?
The active ingredients contained in Pomegranate are Betulinic Acid, Apigenin, Ellagic Acid, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Beta-sitosterol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Papaya are Benzyl Isothiocyanate, Salicylic Acid, Beta-sitosterol, Oleic Acid, Vitamin C and others.
Betulinic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, Cytokine Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. Gallic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Myrcene can manipulate biochemical pathways Extracellular Matrix Remodelling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Primary Myelofibrosis due to abnormalities in genes JAK2 and CALR – Foods like Pomegranate are recommended compared to Papaya. This is because the active ingredients Myrcene and Folic Acid in Papaya further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Betulinic Acid and Gallic Acid contained in Pomegranate together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: POMEGRANATE IS RECOMMENDED OVER PAPAYA FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS DUE TO GENES JAK2 AND CALR
Eat more nuts, Pumpkin Seeds or Macadamia Nut?
The active ingredients contained in Pumpkin Seeds are Cucurbitacin I, Stigmasterol, Salicylic Acid, Beta-sitosterol, Oleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Macadamia Nut are Beta-sitosterol, Palmitic Acid, Lauric Acid, Folic Acid and others.
Gamma-linolenic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Cucurbitacin I has biological action on biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, Cytokine Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Palmitic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics. Lauric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Primary Myelofibrosis due to abnormalities in genes JAK2 and CALR – Foods like Pumpkin Seeds are recommended compared to Macadamia Nut. This is because the active ingredients Palmitic Acid and Lauric Acid in Macadamia Nut further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Gamma-linolenic Acid and Cucurbitacin I contained in Pumpkin Seeds together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: PUMPKIN SEEDS IS RECOMMENDED OVER MACADAMIA NUT FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS DUE TO GENES JAK2 AND CALR
In Summary
An important thing to remember is that cancer treatments may not be the same for everyone – and neither should your nutrition be. Nutrition which includes food and nutritional supplements is a very effective tool controlled by you.
“What should I eat?” is the most frequently asked question in the context of cancer. The answer calculation is complex and depends upon cancer type, underlying genomics, current treatments, any allergies, lifestyle information, and factors like BMI.
The addon personalized nutrition plan recommends foods and supplements which minimizes adverse nutrition interactions and encourages support to treatments.
You can get started NOW and design a personalized nutrition plan for Primary Myelofibrosis by answering questions on type of cancer, current treatments, supplements, allergies, age group, gender, and lifestyle information.
What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.
The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.
Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.
References
- Aml Ohsu 2018
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- Folic acid mediates activation of the pro-oncogene STAT3 via the Folate Receptor alpha.
- Lycopene differentially induces quiescence and apoptosis in androgen-responsive and -independent prostate cancer cell lines.
- Cucurbitacin E reduces obesity and related metabolic dysfunction in mice by targeting JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway.
- Identification of ellagic acid as potent inhibitor of protein kinase CK2: a successful example of a virtual screening application.
- The synergy of Vitamin C with decitabine activates TET2 in leukemic cells and significantly improves overall survival in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
- Antiangiogenic effects of cucurbitacin-I.
- Crystal structure of a human cyclin-dependent kinase 6 complex with a flavonol inhibitor, fisetin.
- Plant sterols as selective DNA polymerase beta lyase inhibitors and potentiators of bleomycin cytotoxicity.
- Helicteric Acid, Oleanic Acid, and Betulinic Acid, Three Triterpenes from Helicteres angustifolia L., Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells via Suppressing NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling.
- Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, exerts anti-angiogenic effects via the PTEN/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells.
- Myrcene, an Aromatic Volatile Compound, Ameliorates Human Skin Extrinsic Aging via Regulation of MMPs Production.
- Functional lipidomics: Palmitic acid impairs hepatocellular carcinoma development by modulating membrane fluidity and glucose metabolism.
- Gamma-linolenic acid inhibits hepatic PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK-dependent activator protein and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.
- HyperFoods: Machine intelligent mapping of cancer-beating molecules in foods.
- Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy.
Personalized Nutrition for Cancer!
Cancer changes with time. Customize and modify your nutrition based on cancer indication, treatments, lifestyle, food preferences, allergies and other factors.