Highlights
No two cancers are the same, nor are they treated the same, and neither should nutrition be the same for everyone. Nutrition includes foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oils, herbs and spices. Also nutrition includes supplements which are high concentrations of foods or high concentrations of individual ingredients found in foods. For cancers like Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma when undergoing chemotherapy or when you determine you have a genetic risk for developing Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma because of SMAD4 and ARID1A gene mutations, a very important question is “What foods should I avoid and what foods are recommended specifically for me?”. The other related question is “What nutritional supplements should I avoid?”.
There is no one answer to this question for cancers such as Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma which can be found through internet searches. The answer to the question is “It Depends” because the nutrition plan needs to be personalized for you. Nutrition should depend on the cancer indication, genetic information, adult or pediatric, staging, primary or secondary, advanced, metastatic, relapsed or refractory, ongoing treatments if any, nutritional supplements being taken, age and factors like gender, weight, height, lifestyle, allergies and food preferences.
In short – the process to answer questions like “Should I Avoid eating fruit Coconut” or “Include fruit Persimmon in my diet” or “Should I reduce consumption of vegetable Rhubarb” or “Can I take Dim and Hesperidin supplements” is not as simple as internet searches. The process is very complex and answers are based on knowhow of genetics, action of treatments, active ingredients in foods and their associated biological action. Finally the answer to the nutrition question needs to be personalized for you.
RECOMMENDATION: PERSONALIZE YOUR FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA, TREATMENTS, GENETIC INFORMATION, AND OTHER CONDITIONS.
The overall objective of personalized nutrition for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma is to minimize foods and nutritional supplements which have adverse interactions with cancer molecular drivers and ongoing treatments. And identify those foods and supplements which have a beneficial action. Whenever there are changes in treatments or diagnosis – it is important to remember that your foods and supplements need re-evaluation. And the answers to the nutrition question could be different based on the new context.
RECOMMENDATION: UPDATE YOUR NUTRITION FOR PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA, WHEN TREATMENTS, DISEASE STATUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS CHANGE.
About Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
cBioPortal is one source of collection of cancer patient data from clinical trials across 350 plus cancer indications. The data from each clinical trial includes the clinical trial name and study details like number of patients, ages, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site, genetic aberrations found and analysis of all the data. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was originally developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The public cBioPortal site is hosted by the Center for Molecular Oncology at MSK – https://www.cbioportal.org/about.
Following key highlights are derived from clinical data for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma from cBioPortal. The patients enrolled in the studies for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma are in ages between 51 to 72 with an average age of 60. 65.8% of males and 34.2% of females were the distribution of gender in these clinical studies. From a patient sample size of 111; the top genes with mutations and other abnormalities for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma include genes TP53, KRAS, SMAD4, ARID1A and CDKN2A. The occurrence frequency distribution for these genes respectively is 46.6%, 28.2%, 15.5%, 14.6% and 11.7%. These tumor genetic details of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma are mapped to molecular biochemical pathway drivers of cancer thereby providing definition of characteristic features of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma.
Significance of Nutrition for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
All foods and nutritional supplements consist of a collection of one or more active chemical ingredients in different proportions and quantities. The action of some active ingredients in a food can have adverse interactions while other active ingredients in the same food may be supportive from the context of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Hence the same food has good and not-so-good actions and analysis of combined effect will be needed to come up with a personalized nutrition plan.
For example Coconut includes active ingredients Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin E, Myristic Acid, Capric Acid, Palmitic Acid and others. And Persimmon contains active ingredients Quercetin, Lupeol, Betulinic Acid, Vitamin C, Lycopene and others. It is likely that some of these active ingredients of the same food could have opposing effects and hence it is recommended to identify recommended foods based on analysis of all high quantity ingredients contained in foods.
For cancers like Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma, activation or inhibition of selected biochemical pathways like Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, Suppressive Histone Methylation, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints plays an important role in driving cancer growth. Similarly different treatments work via different molecular actions which should never be canceled out by your foods and supplements. The foods and nutritional supplements contain different active ingredients each of which have a specific molecular action on different biochemical pathways. Hence, eating some foods and nutritional supplements would be recommended with a specific treatment of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma, while eating some other foods and supplements may not be recommended.
One common mistake when finding foods to eat or not – is to consider only a few active ingredients contained in foods based on internet searches and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on relevant biochemical pathways – it is recommended to consider all the high quantity active ingredients that are present in significant and much larger than trace amounts in the food.
RECOMMENDATION: TO FIND RECOMMENDED AND NON-RECOMMENDED FOODS FOR PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA – CONSIDER HIGH QUANTITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN FOODS.
Foods for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma undergoing chemotherapy treatment
In Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma – the genes TP53, KRAS, SMAD4, ARID1A and CDKN2A have high occurrences of genomic abnormalities. Not all of these genes necessarily are relevant for cancer – though they have been reported. Some of these genes directly or indirectly end up manipulating different cancer related biochemical biological pathways. Some of the pathways which are relevant drivers for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma are Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, Suppressive Histone Methylation, Chromatin Remodeling and others. Pembrolizumab is one of the chemotherapies used for cancer treatment. The intent of treatment is to negate or cancel out effects of biochemical pathway drivers Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics, Suppressive Histone Methylation, Chromatin Remodeling so as to reduce disease progression and inhibit growth. Those foods whose combined action of active ingredients support treatment action and do not enhance disease drivers are recommended foods and supplements which will be included in personalized nutrition. And similarly – those foods whose combined action of active ingredients is not supportive of treatment action but end up promoting disease drives will not be recommended in your personalized nutrition plan.
RECOMMENDATION: AVOID SUPPLEMENTS AND FOODS WHICH ARE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF CANCER TREATMENT ACTION AND RATHER ENHANCE DISEASE DRIVERS.
Eat more pulses, Scarlet Bean or Chickpea?
Pulses are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Scarlet Bean are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Stigmasterol, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chickpea are Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Vitamin A, Genistein, Folic Acid and others.
Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and Vitamin D Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways Suppressive Histone Methylation, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Amino Acid Metabolism.
Genistein can manipulate biochemical pathways Chromatin Remodeling and DNA Repair. Linolenic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Vitamin D Signaling. And so on.
When treating Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma with chemotherapy Pembrolizumab – Foods like Scarlet Bean are recommended compared to Chickpea. This is because the active ingredients Genistein and Linolenic Acid in Chickpea interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin C contained in Scarlet Bean support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: SCARLET BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHICKPEA FOR PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY PEMBROLIZUMAB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more vegetables, Arrowroot or Rhubarb?
Vegetables are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Arrowroot are Quercetin, Vitamin C, Beta-carotene, Protocatechuic Acid, Vanillic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Rhubarb are Quercetin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Gallic Acid, Rhein and others.
Quercetin can manipulate biochemical pathways Suppressive Histone Methylation, Growth Factor Signaling and DNA Repair. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and Vitamin D Signaling.
Rutin can manipulate biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Gallic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Vitamin D Signaling. And so on.
When treating Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma with chemotherapy Pembrolizumab – Foods like Arrowroot are recommended compared to Rhubarb. This is because the active ingredients Rutin and Gallic Acid in Rhubarb interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Quercetin and Vitamin C contained in Arrowroot support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: ARROWROOT IS RECOMMENDED OVER RHUBARB FOR PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY PEMBROLIZUMAB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more fruits, Persimmon or Coconut?
Fruits are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Persimmon are Quercetin, Lupeol, Betulinic Acid, Vitamin C, Lycopene among others. While the active ingredients contained in Coconut are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin E, Myristic Acid, Capric Acid, Palmitic Acid and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Suppressive Histone Methylation, MYC Signaling and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Lycopene has biological action on biochemical pathways JAK-STAT Signaling, G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling and Vitamin D Signaling.
Myristic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling and Angiogenesis. Palmitic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and Angiogenesis. And so on.
When treating Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma with chemotherapy Pembrolizumab – Foods like Persimmon are recommended compared to Coconut. This is because the active ingredients Myristic Acid and Palmitic Acid in Coconut interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Lycopene contained in Persimmon support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: PERSIMMON IS RECOMMENDED OVER COCONUT FOR PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY PEMBROLIZUMAB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Eat more nuts, Pecan Nut or Walnut?
Nuts are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Pecan Nut are Vitamin E, Oleic Acid, Cianidanol, Delphinidin, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Walnut are Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Betulinic Acid, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C and others.
Vitamin E can manipulate biochemical pathways DNA Repair, MYC Signaling and Vitamin D Signaling. Cianidanol has biological action on biochemical pathways Angiogenesis, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and MYC Signaling.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling. D-limonene has biological action on biochemical pathways G-protein-coupled Receptor Signaling. And so on.
When treating Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma with chemotherapy Pembrolizumab – Foods like Pecan Nut are recommended compared to Walnut. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and D-limonene in Walnut interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin E and Cianidanol contained in Pecan Nut support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.
RECOMMENDATION: PECAN NUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER WALNUT FOR PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY PEMBROLIZUMAB FOR SOME CONDITIONS.
Foods for Genetic Risk of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
One of the ways to assess risk of cancer is by checking for presence of genetic abnormalities in a set of genes. There is prior information on a list of genes whose mutations and other aberrations can play a role in risk to different cancers. SMAD4 and ARID1A are two genes whose abnormalities are risk factors for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma. In such a cancer risk situation – while there are typically no treatments which a physician can prescribe – the various biochemical pathways which are potentially molecular drivers of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma can be used as a guide for coming up with a recommended personalized nutrition plan. For Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma gene SMAD4 has causative impact on biological pathways like TGFB Signaling, Inflammation and Cell Cycle. And ARID1A has a causative impact on biological pathways like Androgen Signaling and Chromatin Remodeling. Foods and nutritional supplements which have molecular action to cancel out biochemical pathways effects of genes like SMAD4 and ARID1A should be included in a personalized nutrition plan. And those foods and supplements which promote the effects of genes SMAD4 and ARID1A should be avoided.
Eat more pulses, Mung Bean or Soy Bean?
The active ingredients contained in Mung Bean are Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Quercetin, Stigmasterol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Soy Bean are Lupeol, Daidzein, Vitamin E, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Apoptosis, MYC Signaling and P53 Signaling. Quercetin has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Aescin can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints. Lecithin has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma due to abnormalities in genes SMAD4 and ARID1A – Foods like Mung Bean are recommended compared to Soy Bean. This is because the active ingredients Aescin and Lecithin in Soy Bean further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Quercetin contained in Mung Bean together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: MUNG BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER SOY BEAN FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA DUE TO GENES SMAD4 AND ARID1A
Eat more vegetables, Jicama or Chicory?
The active ingredients contained in Jicama are Vitamin C, Beta-carotene, Vitamin B3, Vitamin A, Folic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chicory are Apigenin, Esculin, Lupeol, Betulinic Acid, Protocatechuic Acid and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Apoptosis, MYC Signaling and P53 Signaling. Beta-carotene has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Apoptosis.
Luteolin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Apoptosis, P53 Signaling and Cell Cycle Checkpoints. And so on.
For genetic risk of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma due to abnormalities in genes SMAD4 and ARID1A – Foods like Jicama are recommended compared to Chicory. This is because the active ingredients Luteolin and Folic Acid in Chicory further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Beta-carotene contained in Jicama together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: JICAMA IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHICORY FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA DUE TO GENES SMAD4 AND ARID1A
Foods to Eat After Cancer Diagnosis!
No two cancers are the same. Go beyond the common nutrition guidelines for everyone and make personalized decisions about food and supplements with confidence.
Eat more fruits, Kiwi or Grape?
The active ingredients contained in Kiwi are Vitamin C, Quercetin, Fisetin, Vitamin A, Chlorogenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Grape are Lupeol, Vitamin E, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Resveratrol and others.
Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Apoptosis, MYC Signaling and P53 Signaling. Quercetin has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Resveratrol can manipulate biochemical pathways P53 Signaling. Pelargonidin has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.
For genetic risk of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma due to abnormalities in genes SMAD4 and ARID1A – Foods like Kiwi are recommended compared to Grape. This is because the active ingredients Resveratrol and Pelargonidin in Grape further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Quercetin contained in Kiwi together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: KIWI IS RECOMMENDED OVER GRAPE FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA DUE TO GENES SMAD4 AND ARID1A
Eat more nuts, Hazelnut or Chestnut?
The active ingredients contained in Hazelnut are Vitamin E, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Quercetin, Linoleic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Chestnut are Ellagic Acid, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Quercetin and others.
Vitamin E can manipulate biochemical pathways Apoptosis, MYC Signaling and P53 Signaling. Quercetin has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.
Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Apoptosis, P53 Signaling and Cell Cycle Checkpoints. And so on.
For genetic risk of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma due to abnormalities in genes SMAD4 and ARID1A – Foods like Hazelnut are recommended compared to Chestnut. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Folic Acid in Chestnut further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin E and Quercetin contained in Hazelnut together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.
RECOMMENDATION: HAZELNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER CHESTNUT FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PERIHILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA DUE TO GENES SMAD4 AND ARID1A
In Summary
An important thing to remember is that cancer treatments may not be the same for everyone – and neither should your nutrition be. Nutrition which includes food and nutritional supplements is a very effective tool controlled by you.
“What should I eat?” is the most frequently asked question in the context of cancer. The answer calculation is complex and depends upon cancer type, underlying genomics, current treatments, any allergies, lifestyle information, and factors like BMI.
The addon personalized nutrition plan recommends foods and supplements which minimizes adverse nutrition interactions and encourages support to treatments.
You can get started NOW and design a personalized nutrition plan for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma by answering questions on type of cancer, current treatments, supplements, allergies, age group, gender, and lifestyle information.
What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.
The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.
Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.
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Personalized Nutrition for Cancer!
Cancer changes with time. Customize and modify your nutrition based on cancer indication, treatments, lifestyle, food preferences, allergies and other factors.