Which Foods are Recommended for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

Highlights

No two cancers are the same, nor are they treated the same, and neither should nutrition be the same for everyone. Nutrition includes foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oils, herbs and spices. Also nutrition includes supplements which are high concentrations of foods or high concentrations of individual ingredients found in foods. For cancers like Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia when undergoing chemotherapy or when you determine you have a genetic risk for developing Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia because of BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 gene mutations, a very important question is “What foods should I avoid and what foods are recommended specifically for me?”. The other related question is “What nutritional supplements should I avoid?”.

There is no one answer to this question for cancers such as Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia which can be found through internet searches. The answer to the question is “It Depends” because the nutrition plan needs to be personalized for you. Nutrition should depend on the cancer indication, genetic information, adult or pediatric, staging, primary or secondary, advanced, metastatic, relapsed or refractory, ongoing treatments if any, nutritional supplements being taken, age and factors like gender, weight, height, lifestyle, allergies and food preferences.

In short – the process to answer questions like “Should I Avoid eating fruit Tamarind” or “Include fruit Nance in my diet” or “Should I reduce consumption of vegetable Endive” or “Can I take Dim and Neem Extract supplements” is not as simple as internet searches. The process is very complex and answers are based on knowhow of genetics, action of treatments, active ingredients in foods and their associated biological action. Finally the answer to the nutrition question needs to be personalized for you.

RECOMMENDATION: PERSONALIZE YOUR FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA, TREATMENTS, GENETIC INFORMATION, AND OTHER CONDITIONS.

The overall objective of personalized nutrition for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia is to minimize foods and nutritional supplements which have adverse interactions with cancer molecular drivers and ongoing treatments. And identify those foods and supplements which have a beneficial action. Whenever there are changes in treatments or diagnosis – it is important to remember that your foods and supplements need re-evaluation. And the answers to the nutrition question could be different based on the new context.

RECOMMENDATION: UPDATE YOUR NUTRITION FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA, WHEN TREATMENTS, DISEASE STATUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS CHANGE.

About Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

cBioPortal is one source of collection of cancer patient data from clinical trials across 350 plus cancer indications. The data from each clinical trial includes the clinical trial name and study details like number of patients, ages, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site, genetic aberrations found and analysis of all the data. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was originally developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The public cBioPortal site is hosted by the Center for Molecular Oncology at MSK – https://www.cbioportal.org/about.

Following key highlights are derived from clinical data for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia from cBioPortal. The top genes with mutations and other abnormalities for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia include genes BCR-ABL1, RUNX1, ASXL1, ABL1 and BCORL1. The occurrence frequency distribution for these genes respectively is 90.0%, 32.0%, 30.0%, 27.0% and 14.0%. These tumor genetic details of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia are mapped to molecular biochemical pathway drivers of cancer thereby providing definition of characteristic features of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a blood cancer that begins in the blood forming cells in the bone marrow. It is the most common leukemia in older adults. CML cancer cells contain an abnormal chromosomal defect called the Philadelphia chromosome, resulting in an abnormal gene fusion called BCR-ABL. This gene creates a protein that drives the uncontrollable growth of the cancer cells. This results in a large number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cells, in the bone marrow. Over time these immature blood cells called blasts accumulate in the bone marrow, making it difficult to produce normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. This is a slow growing cancer and in most cases, there may not be any evident symptoms. However, the warning signs for chronic myeloid leukemia include fever, bone pain, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, easy bleeding, loss of appetite, night sweats, and an enlarged spleen. Chronic myeloid leukemia may cause symptoms of anemia causing persistent fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath; unexplained bleeding or bruising due to very low platelet count, frequent infections, and slow healing, all a result of a paucity of normal blood cells. Treatment options for chronic myeloid leukemia include targeted therapy to inhibit the BCR-ABL gene as the first line therapy. Other treatments include chemotherapy, interferon therapy, radiation therapy and stem cell transplant. With the advances in targeted and other treatment options, CML has a good prognosis with the 5-year survival rate for CML at 90%. In addition, supportive care with the right nutrition (foods and natural supplements) can help improve patients’ well-being. (Ref: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml; https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer-information/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/; https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml/prognosis-and-survival)

Significance of Nutrition for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

All foods and nutritional supplements consist of a collection of one or more active chemical ingredients in different proportions and quantities. The action of some active ingredients in a food can have adverse interactions while other active ingredients in the same food may be supportive from the context of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. Hence the same food has good and not-so-good actions and analysis of combined effect will be needed to come up with a personalized nutrition plan.

For example Tamarind includes active ingredients Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Epicatechin and others. And Nance contains active ingredients Vitamin C, Betulin, Vitamin A and others. It is likely that some of these active ingredients of the same food could have opposing effects and hence it is recommended to identify recommended foods based on analysis of all high quantity ingredients contained in foods.

For cancers like Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, activation or inhibition of selected biochemical pathways like Vitamin Metabolism, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Growth Factor Signaling, Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics plays an important role in driving cancer growth. Similarly different treatments work via different molecular actions which should never be canceled out by your foods and supplements. The foods and nutritional supplements contain different active ingredients each of which have a specific molecular action on different biochemical pathways. Hence, eating some foods and nutritional supplements would be recommended with a specific treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, while eating some other foods and supplements may not be recommended.

One common mistake when finding foods to eat or not – is to consider only a few active ingredients contained in foods based on internet searches and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on relevant biochemical pathways – it is recommended to consider all the high quantity active ingredients that are present in significant and much larger than trace amounts in the food.

RECOMMENDATION: TO FIND RECOMMENDED AND NON-RECOMMENDED FOODS FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA – CONSIDER HIGH QUANTITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN FOODS.

Foods for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia undergoing chemotherapy treatment

In Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia – the genes BCR-ABL1, RUNX1, ASXL1, ABL1 and BCORL1 have high occurrences of genomic abnormalities. Not all of these genes necessarily are relevant for cancer – though they have been reported. Some of these genes directly or indirectly end up manipulating different cancer related biochemical biological pathways. Some of the pathways which are relevant drivers for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia are Vitamin Metabolism, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Cell Cycle and others. Cyclophosphamide is one of the chemotherapies used for cancer treatment. The intent of treatment is to negate or cancel out effects of biochemical pathway drivers Vitamin Metabolism, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Cell Cycle so as to reduce disease progression and inhibit growth. Those foods whose combined action of active ingredients support treatment action and do not enhance disease drivers are recommended foods and supplements which will be included in personalized nutrition. And similarly – those foods whose combined action of active ingredients is not supportive of treatment action but end up promoting disease drives will not be recommended in your personalized nutrition plan.

RECOMMENDATION: AVOID SUPPLEMENTS AND FOODS WHICH ARE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF CANCER TREATMENT ACTION AND RATHER ENHANCE DISEASE DRIVERS.

Eat more pulses, Common Pea or Lima Bean?

Pulses are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Common Pea are Daidzein, Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Delphinidin among others. While the active ingredients contained in Lima Bean are Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Genistein, Vitamin A, Linoleic Acid and others.

Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle, MYC Signaling and Cell Cycle Checkpoints. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Oxidative Stress.

Genistein can manipulate biochemical pathways DNA Repair and Oxidative Stress. Linoleic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling. And so on.

When treating Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia with chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide – Foods like Common Pea are recommended compared to Lima Bean. This is because the active ingredients Genistein and Linoleic Acid in Lima Bean interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin C contained in Common Pea support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: COMMON PEA IS RECOMMENDED OVER LIMA BEAN FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Eat more vegetables, Cabbage or Endive?

Vegetables are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Cabbage are Quercetin, Benzyl Isothiocyanate, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Indole-3-carbinol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Endive are Quercetin, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Vitamin A and others.

Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, Cell Cycle and MYC Signaling. Glucaric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, MYC Signaling and Cell Cycle.

Quercetin can manipulate biochemical pathways Oxidative Stress. Kaempferol has biological action on biochemical pathways Oxidative Stress. And so on.

When treating Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia with chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide – Foods like Cabbage are recommended compared to Endive. This is because the active ingredients Quercetin and Kaempferol in Endive interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Glucaric Acid contained in Cabbage support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: CABBAGE IS RECOMMENDED OVER ENDIVE FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Eat more fruits, Nance or Tamarind?

Fruits are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Nance are Vitamin C, Betulin, Vitamin A among others. While the active ingredients contained in Tamarind are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Epicatechin and others.

Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, Cell Cycle and MYC Signaling. Betulin has biological action on biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia.

Linolenic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Oxidative Stress. Linoleic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling. And so on.

When treating Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia with chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide – Foods like Nance are recommended compared to Tamarind. This is because the active ingredients Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid in Tamarind interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Betulin contained in Nance support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: NANCE IS RECOMMENDED OVER TAMARIND FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Eat more nuts, Hazelnut or Acorn?

Nuts are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Hazelnut are Vitamin E, Quercetin, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Vitamin A among others. While the active ingredients contained in Acorn are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Beta-carotene, Gallic Acid and others.

Vitamin E can manipulate biochemical pathways DNA Repair, Cell Cycle and Growth Factor Signaling. Vitamin A has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Quercetin can manipulate biochemical pathways Oxidative Stress. Gallic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Oxidative Stress. And so on.

When treating Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia with chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide – Foods like Hazelnut are recommended compared to Acorn. This is because the active ingredients Quercetin and Gallic Acid in Acorn interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin E and Vitamin A contained in Hazelnut support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: HAZELNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER ACORN FOR CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Foods for Genetic Risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

One of the ways to assess risk of cancer is by checking for presence of genetic abnormalities in a set of genes. There is prior information on a list of genes whose mutations and other aberrations can play a role in risk to different cancers. BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 are two genes whose abnormalities are risk factors for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. In such a cancer risk situation – while there are typically no treatments which a physician can prescribe – the various biochemical pathways which are potentially molecular drivers of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia can be used as a guide for coming up with a recommended personalized nutrition plan. For Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia gene BCR-ABL1 has causative impact on biological pathways like Growth Factor Signaling. And RUNX1 has a causative impact on biological pathways like NFKB Signaling, RUNX Signaling and TGFB Signaling. Foods and nutritional supplements which have molecular action to cancel out biochemical pathways effects of genes like BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 should be included in a personalized nutrition plan. And those foods and supplements which promote the effects of genes BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 should be avoided.

Eat more pulses, Scarlet Bean or Common Bean?

The active ingredients contained in Scarlet Bean are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Genistein among others. While the active ingredients contained in Common Bean are Apigenin, Vitamin C, Esculin, Oleic Acid, Linolenic Acid and others.

Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Adherens junction, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and MYC Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Pelargonidin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MAPK Signaling and RAS-RAF Signaling. And so on.

For genetic risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia due to abnormalities in genes BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 – Foods like Scarlet Bean are recommended compared to Common Bean. This is because the active ingredients Pelargonidin and Folic Acid in Common Bean further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin C contained in Scarlet Bean together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: SCARLET BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER COMMON BEAN FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA DUE TO GENES BCR-ABL1 AND RUNX1

Eat more vegetables, Jicama or Radish?

The active ingredients contained in Jicama are Vitamin C, Beta-carotene, Vitamin B3, Vitamin A, Folic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Radish are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Isorhamnetin, Oleic Acid and others.

Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Adherens junction, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and MYC Signaling. Beta-carotene has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics.

Pelargonidin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MAPK Signaling and RAS-RAF Signaling. And so on.

For genetic risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia due to abnormalities in genes BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 – Foods like Jicama are recommended compared to Radish. This is because the active ingredients Pelargonidin and Folic Acid in Radish further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Beta-carotene contained in Jicama together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: JICAMA IS RECOMMENDED OVER RADISH FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA DUE TO GENES BCR-ABL1 AND RUNX1

Eat more fruits, Feijoa or Raspberry?

The active ingredients contained in Feijoa are Lycopene, Vitamin C, Casuarinin, Folic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Raspberry are Quercetin, Ellagic Acid, Vitamin C, Resveratrol, Salicylic Acid and others.

Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Adherens junction, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and MYC Signaling. Lycopene has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Resveratrol has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling. And so on.

For genetic risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia due to abnormalities in genes BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 – Foods like Feijoa are recommended compared to Raspberry. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Resveratrol in Raspberry further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Lycopene contained in Feijoa together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: FEIJOA IS RECOMMENDED OVER RASPBERRY FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA DUE TO GENES BCR-ABL1 AND RUNX1

Eat more nuts, Almond or Peanut?

The active ingredients contained in Almond are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Oleic Acid, Vitamin E, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Peanut are Quercetin, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Oleic Acid, Vitamin E and others.

Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Adherens junction, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and MYC Signaling. Vitamin E has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Lecithin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways P53 Signaling, RAS-RAF Signaling and MYC Signaling. And so on.

For genetic risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia due to abnormalities in genes BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1 – Foods like Almond are recommended compared to Peanut. This is because the active ingredients Lecithin and Folic Acid in Peanut further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin E contained in Almond together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: ALMOND IS RECOMMENDED OVER PEANUT FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA DUE TO GENES BCR-ABL1 AND RUNX1

In Summary

An important thing to remember is that cancer treatments may not be the same for everyone – and neither should your nutrition be. Nutrition which includes food and nutritional supplements is a very effective tool controlled by you.

“What should I eat?” is the most frequently asked question in the context of cancer. The answer calculation is complex and depends upon cancer type, underlying genomics, current treatments, any allergies, lifestyle information, and factors like BMI.

The addon personalized nutrition plan recommends foods and supplements which minimizes adverse nutrition interactions and encourages support to treatments.

You can get started NOW and design a personalized nutrition plan for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia by answering questions on type of cancer, current treatments, supplements, allergies, age group, gender, and lifestyle information.

What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.

The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.

Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.

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