Which Foods are Recommended for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor?

Highlights

No two cancers are the same, nor are they treated the same, and neither should nutrition be the same for everyone. Nutrition includes foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oils, herbs and spices. Also nutrition includes supplements which are high concentrations of foods or high concentrations of individual ingredients found in foods. For cancers like Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor when undergoing chemotherapy or when you determine you have a genetic risk for developing Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor because of MEN1 and DYNC1I1 gene mutations, a very important question is “What foods should I avoid and what foods are recommended specifically for me?”. The other related question is “What nutritional supplements should I avoid?”.

There is no one answer to this question for cancers such as Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor which can be found through internet searches. The answer to the question is “It Depends” because the nutrition plan needs to be personalized for you. Nutrition should depend on the cancer indication, genetic information, adult or pediatric, staging, primary or secondary, advanced, metastatic, relapsed or refractory, ongoing treatments if any, nutritional supplements being taken, age and factors like gender, weight, height, lifestyle, allergies and food preferences.

In short – the process to answer questions like “Should I Avoid eating fruit Peach” or “Include fruit Lemon in my diet” or “Should I reduce consumption of vegetable Swede” or “Can I take Guggul and Dim supplements” is not as simple as internet searches. The process is very complex and answers are based on knowhow of genetics, action of treatments, active ingredients in foods and their associated biological action. Finally the answer to the nutrition question needs to be personalized for you.

RECOMMENDATION: PERSONALIZE YOUR FOODS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR, TREATMENTS, GENETIC INFORMATION, AND OTHER CONDITIONS.

The overall objective of personalized nutrition for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor is to minimize foods and nutritional supplements which have adverse interactions with cancer molecular drivers and ongoing treatments. And identify those foods and supplements which have a beneficial action. Whenever there are changes in treatments or diagnosis – it is important to remember that your foods and supplements need re-evaluation. And the answers to the nutrition question could be different based on the new context.

RECOMMENDATION: UPDATE YOUR NUTRITION FOR PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR, WHEN TREATMENTS, DISEASE STATUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS CHANGE.

About Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

cBioPortal is one source of collection of cancer patient data from clinical trials across 350 plus cancer indications. The data from each clinical trial includes the clinical trial name and study details like number of patients, ages, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site, genetic aberrations found and analysis of all the data. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was originally developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). The public cBioPortal site is hosted by the Center for Molecular Oncology at MSK – https://www.cbioportal.org/about.

Following key highlights are derived from clinical data for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor from cBioPortal. The patients enrolled in the studies for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor are in ages between 17 to 87 with an average age of 59. 55.2% of males and 44.8% of females were the distribution of gender in these clinical studies. From a patient sample size of 517; the top genes with mutations and other abnormalities for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor include genes MEN1, TP53, KRAS, DYNC1I1 and KMT2A. The occurrence frequency distribution for these genes respectively is 3.3%, 2.1%, 1.8%, 1.2% and 1.2%. These tumor genetic details of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor are mapped to molecular biochemical pathway drivers of cancer thereby providing definition of characteristic features of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, also called pNETs or islet cell tumors, are cancers that initiate in the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Pancreas is a gland that secretes hormones that help in digesting the food we eat and in regulating the blood sugar levels. If diagnosed early, it has a good prognosis, but these tumors are hard to diagnose since their symptoms can look and feel like other less serious illnesses. Common symptoms include pain, nausea, loss of appetite, blood in stool, fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and unintended weight loss. Average age of diagnoses for pNETs is around 60 years and they are slightly more common in men. pNETs can either cause the pancreas to release excessive hormones or they may inhibit hormone production and release in non-functioning pNETs. Hence there can be different kinds of functioning pNETs based on the excessive hormone release and they can be glucagonomas, gastrinomas, somatostatinomas, VIPomas, and the most common is insulinomas. There are hereditary conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), that are linked to non-functioning pNETs; they start when younger and are undiscovered until they are large enough to cause belly pain, loss of appetite, and unintended weight loss. 5-year survival rate and prognosis for patients with pNEt is good if the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor has not spread to other parts of the body and ranges between 74-93%; while the prognosis is poor if the tumor has spread to distant areas of the body with a 5-year survival rate of only 24%. pNET treatment modalities include surgery include Whipple surgery, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. In addition, supportive care with the right nutrition (foods and natural supplements) can enhance and improve the patients’ well-being. (Ref: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21970-pancreatic-neuroendocrine-tumors; https://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pnet-treatment-pdq )

Significance of Nutrition for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

All foods and nutritional supplements consist of a collection of one or more active chemical ingredients in different proportions and quantities. The action of some active ingredients in a food can have adverse interactions while other active ingredients in the same food may be supportive from the context of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor. Hence the same food has good and not-so-good actions and analysis of combined effect will be needed to come up with a personalized nutrition plan.

For example Peach includes active ingredients Fisetin, Beta-sitosterol, Modified Citrus Pectin, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid and others. And Lemon contains active ingredients D-limonene, Modified Citrus Pectin, Vitamin C, Auraptene, Hesperidin and others. It is likely that some of these active ingredients of the same food could have opposing effects and hence it is recommended to identify recommended foods based on analysis of all high quantity ingredients contained in foods.

For cancers like Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor, activation or inhibition of selected biochemical pathways like Cell Cycle, MAPK Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Small Molecule Transport plays an important role in driving cancer growth. Similarly different treatments work via different molecular actions which should never be canceled out by your foods and supplements. The foods and nutritional supplements contain different active ingredients each of which have a specific molecular action on different biochemical pathways. Hence, eating some foods and nutritional supplements would be recommended with a specific treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor, while eating some other foods and supplements may not be recommended.

One common mistake when finding foods to eat or not – is to consider only a few active ingredients contained in foods based on internet searches and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on relevant biochemical pathways – it is recommended to consider all the high quantity active ingredients that are present in significant and much larger than trace amounts in the food.

RECOMMENDATION: TO FIND RECOMMENDED AND NON-RECOMMENDED FOODS FOR PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR – CONSIDER HIGH QUANTITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CONTAINED IN FOODS.

Foods for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor undergoing chemotherapy treatment

In Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor – the genes MEN1, TP53, KRAS, DYNC1I1 and KMT2A have high occurrences of genomic abnormalities. Not all of these genes necessarily are relevant for cancer – though they have been reported. Some of these genes directly or indirectly end up manipulating different cancer related biochemical biological pathways. Some of the pathways which are relevant drivers for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor are Cell Cycle, MAPK Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and others. Lanreotide is one of the chemotherapies used for cancer treatment. The intent of treatment is to negate or cancel out effects of biochemical pathway drivers Cell Cycle, MAPK Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling so as to reduce disease progression and inhibit growth. Those foods whose combined action of active ingredients support treatment action and do not enhance disease drivers are recommended foods and supplements which will be included in personalized nutrition. And similarly – those foods whose combined action of active ingredients is not supportive of treatment action but end up promoting disease drives will not be recommended in your personalized nutrition plan.

RECOMMENDATION: AVOID SUPPLEMENTS AND FOODS WHICH ARE NOT SUPPORTIVE OF CANCER TREATMENT ACTION AND RATHER ENHANCE DISEASE DRIVERS.

Eat more pulses, Common Pea or Pigeon Pea?

Pulses are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Common Pea are Lupeol, Daidzein, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Pigeon Pea are Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Vitamin A, Genistein and others.

Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and Angiogenesis.

Linoleic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Angiogenesis. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and Cell Cycle. And so on.

When treating Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with chemotherapy Lanreotide – Foods like Common Pea are recommended compared to Pigeon Pea. This is because the active ingredients Linoleic Acid and Folic Acid in Pigeon Pea interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin C contained in Common Pea support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: COMMON PEA IS RECOMMENDED OVER PIGEON PEA FOR PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY LANREOTIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Eat more vegetables, Kohlrabi or Swede?

Vegetables are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Kohlrabi are Beta-sitosterol, Indole-3-carbinol, Brassinin, Vitamin C, Sulforaphane among others. While the active ingredients contained in Swede are Lycopene, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Folic Acid and others.

Brassinin can manipulate biochemical pathways Cell Cycle, JAK-STAT Signaling and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways MAPK Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics.

Linoleic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Angiogenesis. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and Cell Cycle. And so on.

When treating Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with chemotherapy Lanreotide – Foods like Kohlrabi are recommended compared to Swede. This is because the active ingredients Linoleic Acid and Folic Acid in Swede interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Brassinin and Vitamin C contained in Kohlrabi support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: KOHLRABI IS RECOMMENDED OVER SWEDE FOR PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY LANREOTIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Eat more fruits, Lemon or Peach?

Fruits are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Lemon are D-limonene, Modified Citrus Pectin, Vitamin C, Auraptene, Hesperidin among others. While the active ingredients contained in Peach are Fisetin, Beta-sitosterol, Modified Citrus Pectin, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid and others.

D-limonene can manipulate biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, Cell Cycle and MAPK Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics.

Fisetin can manipulate biochemical pathways WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Epicatechin has biological action on biochemical pathways Angiogenesis. And so on.

When treating Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with chemotherapy Lanreotide – Foods like Lemon are recommended compared to Peach. This is because the active ingredients Fisetin and Epicatechin in Peach interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients D-limonene and Vitamin C contained in Lemon support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: LEMON IS RECOMMENDED OVER PEACH FOR PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY LANREOTIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Eat more nuts, Pecan Nut or Brazil Nut?

Nuts are an important part of many diets. The active ingredients contained in Pecan Nut are Vitamin E, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Delphinidin, Vitamin A among others. While the active ingredients contained in Brazil Nut are Vitamin E, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Lecithin, Folic Acid and others.

Vitamin E can manipulate biochemical pathways PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, Angiogenesis and MAPK Signaling. Delphinidin has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, Angiogenesis and MAPK Signaling.

Lecithin can manipulate biochemical pathways Angiogenesis, MAPK Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. Folic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Growth Factor Signaling, JAK-STAT Signaling and Cell Cycle. And so on.

When treating Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with chemotherapy Lanreotide – Foods like Pecan Nut are recommended compared to Brazil Nut. This is because the active ingredients Lecithin and Folic Acid in Brazil Nut interferes with treatment action by canceling out the biochemical pathways through which the chemotherapy works. While the active ingredients Vitamin E and Delphinidin contained in Pecan Nut support the treatment action by enhancing the biochemical pathway effect through which the chemotherapy works.

RECOMMENDATION: PECAN NUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER BRAZIL NUT FOR PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR ON TREATMENT WITH CHEMOTHERAPY LANREOTIDE FOR SOME CONDITIONS.

Foods for Genetic Risk of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor

One of the ways to assess risk of cancer is by checking for presence of genetic abnormalities in a set of genes. There is prior information on a list of genes whose mutations and other aberrations can play a role in risk to different cancers. MEN1 and DYNC1I1 are two genes whose abnormalities are risk factors for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor. In such a cancer risk situation – while there are typically no treatments which a physician can prescribe – the various biochemical pathways which are potentially molecular drivers of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor can be used as a guide for coming up with a recommended personalized nutrition plan. For Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor gene MEN1 has causative impact on biological pathways like Oncogenic Cancer Epigenetics and DNA Repair. And DYNC1I1 has a causative impact on biological pathways like Antigen Presentation. Foods and nutritional supplements which have molecular action to cancel out biochemical pathways effects of genes like MEN1 and DYNC1I1 should be included in a personalized nutrition plan. And those foods and supplements which promote the effects of genes MEN1 and DYNC1I1 should be avoided.

Eat more pulses, Scarlet Bean or Lentils?

The active ingredients contained in Scarlet Bean are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Linolenic Acid, Oleic Acid, Stigmasterol among others. While the active ingredients contained in Lentils are Beta-sitosterol, Esculin, Daidzein, Isoliquiritigenin, Vitamin C and others.

Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Adherens junction and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Vitamin C has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Ellagic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and MYC Signaling. Oleic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. And so on.

For genetic risk of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor due to abnormalities in genes MEN1 and DYNC1I1 – Foods like Scarlet Bean are recommended compared to Lentils. This is because the active ingredients Ellagic Acid and Oleic Acid in Lentils further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin C contained in Scarlet Bean together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: SCARLET BEAN IS RECOMMENDED OVER LENTILS FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR DUE TO GENES MEN1 AND DYNC1I1

Eat more vegetables, Arugula or Radish?

The active ingredients contained in Arugula are Esculin, Vitamin A, Kaempferol, Vitamin K, Erysolin among others. While the active ingredients contained in Radish are Beta-sitosterol, Isorhamnetin, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Vitamin A and others.

Vitamin A can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Adherens junction and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Kaempferol has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling.

Pelargonidin can manipulate biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, WNT Beta Catenin Signaling and Cell Cycle Checkpoints. Oleic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. And so on.

For genetic risk of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor due to abnormalities in genes MEN1 and DYNC1I1 – Foods like Arugula are recommended compared to Radish. This is because the active ingredients Pelargonidin and Oleic Acid in Radish further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin A and Kaempferol contained in Arugula together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: ARUGULA IS RECOMMENDED OVER RADISH FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR DUE TO GENES MEN1 AND DYNC1I1

Eat more fruits, Feijoa or Date?

The active ingredients contained in Feijoa are Lycopene, Vitamin C, Casuarinin, Folic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Date are Lupeol, Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin C, Quercetin, Ferulic Acid and others.

Vitamin C can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Adherens junction and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Lycopene has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling, Cell Cycle Checkpoints and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Apigenin can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Oleic Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. And so on.

For genetic risk of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor due to abnormalities in genes MEN1 and DYNC1I1 – Foods like Feijoa are recommended compared to Date. This is because the active ingredients Apigenin and Oleic Acid in Date further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Vitamin C and Lycopene contained in Feijoa together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: FEIJOA IS RECOMMENDED OVER DATE FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR DUE TO GENES MEN1 AND DYNC1I1

Eat more nuts, Almond or Macadamia Nut?

The active ingredients contained in Almond are Beta-sitosterol, Vitamin E, Quercetin, Linolenic Acid, Salicylic Acid among others. While the active ingredients contained in Macadamia Nut are Beta-sitosterol, Palmitic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Folic Acid and others.

Beta-sitosterol can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Adherens junction and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Vitamin E has biological action on biochemical pathways Cell Cycle Checkpoints, MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling.

Palmitic Acid can manipulate biochemical pathways Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and WNT Beta Catenin Signaling. Lauric Acid has biological action on biochemical pathways MYC Signaling and PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling. And so on.

For genetic risk of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor due to abnormalities in genes MEN1 and DYNC1I1 – Foods like Almond are recommended compared to Macadamia Nut. This is because the active ingredients Palmitic Acid and Lauric Acid in Macadamia Nut further promote the effects of genes on the biochemical pathways. While the active ingredients Beta-sitosterol and Vitamin E contained in Almond together have a canceling effect of genes on the biochemical pathways.

RECOMMENDATION: ALMOND IS RECOMMENDED OVER MACADAMIA NUT FOR REDUCING THE GENETIC RISK OF PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR DUE TO GENES MEN1 AND DYNC1I1

In Summary

An important thing to remember is that cancer treatments may not be the same for everyone – and neither should your nutrition be. Nutrition which includes food and nutritional supplements is a very effective tool controlled by you.

“What should I eat?” is the most frequently asked question in the context of cancer. The answer calculation is complex and depends upon cancer type, underlying genomics, current treatments, any allergies, lifestyle information, and factors like BMI.

The addon personalized nutrition plan recommends foods and supplements which minimizes adverse nutrition interactions and encourages support to treatments.

You can get started NOW and design a personalized nutrition plan for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor by answering questions on type of cancer, current treatments, supplements, allergies, age group, gender, and lifestyle information.

What food you eat and which supplements you take is a decision you make. Your decision should include consideration of the cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.

The nutrition planning for cancer from addon is not based on internet searches. It automates the decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Irrespective of whether you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not - for nutrition planning for cancer that understanding is needed.

Get started NOW with your nutrition planning by answering questions on the name of cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.

References

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