Foods for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma!

Introduction

Foods for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma should be personalized for each individual and also must adapt when cancer treatment or tumor genetic change. The personalization and adaptation must consider all the active ingredients or bioactives contained in different foods with respect to cancer tissue biology, genetics, treatments, lifestyle conditions and diet preferences. Hence while nutrition is one of the very important decisions for a cancer patient and individual at risk of cancer to make – how to choose foods to eat is not an easy task.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the esophagus. Accurate medical coding using the appropriate ICD-10 code is important for documentation. Pathology outlines provide valuable information about the characteristics of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Staging plays a crucial role in determining the extent and spread of the cancer and guiding treatment decisions. Prognosis for esophageal adenocarcinoma varies depending on the stage of the cancer and other factors. Treatment options for esophageal adenocarcinoma may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches. Recognizing the risk factors associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma is important, as factors such as obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and smoking can increase the risk. By seeking early diagnosis and appropriate medical care, individuals with esophageal adenocarcinoma can improve their treatment outcomes and overall prognosis.

For Esophageal Adenocarcinoma does it matter what vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds one eats?

A very common nutrition question asked by cancer patients and individuals at-genetic risk of cancer is – for cancers like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma does it matter what foods I eat and which I do not? Or if I follow a plant-based diet is that enough for cancer like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma?

For example does it matter if vegetable New Zealand Spinach is consumed more compared to Kohlrabi? Does it make any difference if fruit Pummelo is preferred over Grapefruit/pummelo Hybrid? Also if similar choices are made for nuts/seeds like Butternut over Cashew Nut and for pulses like Broad Bean over Lima Bean. And if what I eat matters – then how does one identify foods which are recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and is it the same answer for everyone with the same diagnosis or genetic risk?

Yes! Foods you eat matters for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma!

Food recommendations may not be the same for everyone and can be different even for the same diagnosis and genetic risk.

All foods (vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, pulses, oils etc.) and nutritional supplements are made up of more than one active molecular ingredient or bio-actives in different proportions and quantities. Each active ingredient has a unique mechanism of action – which can be activation or inhibition of different biochemical pathways. Simply stated foods and supplements which are recommended are those which do not cause an increase of molecular drivers of cancer but reduce them. Else those foods should not be recommended. Foods contain multiple active ingredients – hence when evaluating foods and supplements you need to consider the impact of all active ingredients cumulatively rather than individually.

For example Pummelo contains active ingredients Quercetin, Apigenin, Curcumin, Lycopene, Isoliquiritigenin. And Grapefruit/pummelo Hybrid contains active ingredients Apigenin, Curcumin, Lycopene, Myricetin, Isoliquiritigenin and possibly others.

A common mistake made when deciding and choosing foods to eat for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma – is to evaluate only selected active ingredients contained in foods and ignore the rest. Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on cancer drivers – you cannot cherry pick active ingredients in foods and supplements for making a nutrition decision for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

YES – FOOD CHOICES MATTER FOR CANCER. NUTRITION DECISIONS MUST CONSIDER ALL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF FOODS.

Skills Needed for Nutrition Personalization for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma?

Personalized nutrition for cancers like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma consists of recommended foods / supplements; not recommended foods / supplements with example recipes which prioritize use of recommended foods. An example of personalized nutrition can be seen at this link.

Deciding which foods are recommended or not is extremely complicated, requiring expertise in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma biology, food science, genetics, biochemistry along with good understanding of how cancer treatments work and associated vulnerabilities by which the treatments could stop being effective.

MINIMUM KNOWLEDGE EXPERTISE NEEDED FOR NUTRITION PERSONALIZATION FOR CANCER ARE: CANCER BIOLOGY, FOOD SCIENCE, CANCER TREATMENTS AND GENETICS.

Characteristics of cancers like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

All cancers like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma can be characterized by a unique set of biochemical pathways – the signature pathways of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Biochemical pathways like Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling, MAPK Signaling are part of the signature definition of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Each individual’s cancer genetics can be different and hence their specific cancer signature could be unique.

The treatments which are effective for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma need to be cognizant of the associated signature biochemical pathways for each cancer patient and individual at genetic risk. Therefore different treatments with different mechanisms of actions are effective for different patients. Similarly and for the same reasons foods and supplements need to be personalized for each individual. Hence some foods and supplements are recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when taking cancer treatment Docetaxel, and some foods and supplements are not recommended.

Sources like cBioPortal and many others provide population representative patient anonymized data from clinical trials for all cancer indications. This data consists of clinical trial study details like sample size / number of patients, age groups, gender, ethnicity, treatments, tumor site and any genetic mutations.

TP53, MUC16, FAT3, LAMA1 and FAT4 are the top ranked reported genes for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. TP53 is reported in 10.4 % of the representative patients across all clinical trials. And MUC16 is reported in 4.0 %. The combined population patient data cover ages from 32 to 88. 85.4 % of the patient data are identified as men. The Esophageal Adenocarcinoma biology along with reported genetics together define the population represented signature biochemical pathways for this cancer. If the individual cancer tumor genetics or genes contributing to the risk are also known then that should also be used for nutrition personalization.

NUTRITION CHOICES SHOULD MATCH WITH EACH INDIVIDUAL’S CANCER SIGNATURE.

Food and Supplements for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

For Cancer Patients

Cancer patients on treatment or on palliative care need to make decisions on food and supplements – for the needed dietary calories, for managing any treatment side effects and also for improved cancer management. All plant-based foods are not equal and choosing and prioritizing foods which are personalized and customized to ongoing cancer treatment is important and complicated. Here are some examples providing guidelines for making nutrition decisions.

Choose Vegetable NEW ZEALAND SPINACH or KOHLRABI?

Vegetable New Zealand Spinach contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Quercetin, Apigenin, Curcumin, Lycopene, Myricetin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like RAS-RAF Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Chemokine Signaling and others. New Zealand Spinach is recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when ongoing cancer treatment is Docetaxel. This is because New Zealand Spinach modifies those biochemical pathways which have been scientifically reported to sensitize the effect of Docetaxel.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in vegetable Kohlrabi are Quercetin, Curcumin, Isoliquiritigenin, Formononetin, Luteolin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Heat Stress Response and others. Kohlrabi is not recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when ongoing cancer treatment is Docetaxel because it modifies those biochemical pathways which make the cancer treatment resistant or less responsive.

VEGETABLE NEW ZEALAND SPINACH IS RECOMMENDED OVER KOHLRABI FOR Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AND TREATMENT Docetaxel.

Choose Fruit GRAPEFRUIT/PUMMELO HYBRID or PUMMELO?

Fruit Grapefruit/pummelo Hybrid contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Apigenin, Curcumin, Lycopene, Myricetin, Isoliquiritigenin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Extracellular Matrix Remodelling, NFKB Signaling, Cell Cycle and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and others. Grapefruit/pummelo Hybrid is recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when ongoing cancer treatment is Docetaxel. This is because Grapefruit/pummelo Hybrid modifies those biochemical pathways which have been scientifically reported to sensitize the effect of Docetaxel.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in fruit Pummelo are Quercetin, Apigenin, Curcumin, Lycopene, Isoliquiritigenin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like WNT Beta Catenin Signaling, Microtubule Dynamics and Heat Stress Response and others. Pummelo is not recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when ongoing cancer treatment is Docetaxel because it modifies those biochemical pathways which make the cancer treatment resistant or less responsive.

FRUIT GRAPEFRUIT/PUMMELO HYBRID IS RECOMMENDED OVER PUMMELO FOR Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AND TREATMENT Docetaxel.

Choose Nut BUTTERNUT or CASHEW NUT?

Butternut contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Apigenin, Curcumin, Lycopene, Myricetin, Isoliquiritigenin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Extracellular Matrix Remodelling, NFKB Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and RAS-RAF Signaling and others. Butternut is recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when ongoing cancer treatment is Docetaxel. This is because Butternut modifies those biochemical pathways which have been scientifically reported to sensitize the effect of Docetaxel.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in Cashew Nut are Quercetin, Curcumin, Myricetin, Isoliquiritigenin, Formononetin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like NFKB Signaling, PI3K-AKT-MTOR Signaling and Heat Stress Response and others. Cashew Nut is not recommended for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when ongoing cancer treatment is Docetaxel because it modifies those biochemical pathways which make the cancer treatment resistant or less responsive.

BUTTERNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER CASHEW NUT FOR Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AND TREATMENT Docetaxel.

For Individuals with Genetic Risk of Cancer

The question asked by individuals who have genetic risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma or familial history is “What Should I Eat Differently from Before?” and how they should choose foods and supplements to manage risks of the disease. Since for cancer risk there is nothing actionable in terms of treatment – decisions of foods and supplements become important and one of the very few actionable things which can be done. All plant-based foods are not equal and based on identified genetics and pathway signature – the choices of food and supplements should be personalized.

Choose Vegetable GIANT BUTTERBUR or GARLAND CHRYSANTHEMUM?

Vegetable Giant Butterbur contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Apigenin, Curcumin, Lupeol, Daidzein, Phloretin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Cell Cycle, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Growth Factor Signaling and P53 Signaling and others. Giant Butterbur is recommended for risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when associated genetic risk is FAT3. This is because Giant Butterbur increases those biochemical pathways which counteract the signature drivers of it.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in vegetable Garland Chrysanthemum are Apigenin, Curcumin, Lupeol, Daidzein, Phloretin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and DNA Repair and others. Garland Chrysanthemum is not recommended when risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when associated genetic risk is FAT3 because it increases the signature pathways of it.

VEGETABLE GIANT BUTTERBUR IS RECOMMENDED OVER GARLAND CHRYSANTHEMUM FOR FAT3 GENETIC RISK OF CANCER.

Choose Fruit NANCE or BLACK ELDERBERRY?

Fruit Nance contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Apigenin, Curcumin, Lupeol, Daidzein, Phloretin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Cell Cycle, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Growth Factor Signaling and P53 Signaling and others. Nance is recommended for risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when associated genetic risk is FAT3. This is because Nance increases those biochemical pathways which counteract the signature drivers of it.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in fruit Black Elderberry are Apigenin, Curcumin, Lupeol, Daidzein, Phloretin. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and DNA Repair and others. Black Elderberry is not recommended when risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when associated genetic risk is FAT3 because it increases the signature pathways of it.

FRUIT NANCE IS RECOMMENDED OVER BLACK ELDERBERRY FOR FAT3 GENETIC RISK OF CANCER.

Choose Nut COMMON HAZELNUT or EUROPEAN CHESTNUT?

Common Hazelnut contains many active ingredients or bioactives such as Curcumin, Lupeol, Daidzein, Phloretin, Lycopene. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Cell Cycle, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Growth Factor Signaling and P53 Signaling and others. Common Hazelnut is recommended for risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when associated genetic risk is FAT3. This is because Common Hazelnut increases those biochemical pathways which counteract the signature drivers of it.

Some of the active ingredients or bioactives in European Chestnut are Apigenin, Curcumin, Lupeol, Ellagic Acid, Daidzein. These active ingredients manipulate various biochemical pathways like Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and others. European Chestnut is not recommended when risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma when associated genetic risk is FAT3 because it increases the signature pathways of it.

COMMON HAZELNUT IS RECOMMENDED OVER EUROPEAN CHESTNUT FOR FAT3 GENETIC RISK OF CANCER.

In Conclusion

Foods and Supplements chosen are important decisions for cancers like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma patients and individuals with genetic-risk always have this question: “What foods and nutritional supplements are recommended for me and which are not?” There is a common belief which is a misconception that all plant-based foods could be beneficial or not but would not be harmful. Certain foods and supplements can interfere with cancer treatments or promote molecular pathway drivers of cancer.

There are different types of cancer indications like Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, each with different tumor genetics with further genomic variations across each individual. Further every cancer treatment and chemotherapy has a unique mechanism of action. Each food like New Zealand Spinach contains various bioactives in different quantities, which have an impact on different and distinct sets of biochemical pathways. The definition of personalized nutrition is individualized food recommendations for the cancer indication, treatments, genetics, lifestyle and other factors. Nutrition personalization decisions for cancer require knowledge of cancer biology, food science and an understanding of different chemotherapy treatments. Finally when there are treatment changes or new genomics is identified – the nutrition personalization needs re-evaluation.

The addon nutrition personalization solution makes the decision making easy and removes all the guesswork in answering the question, “What foods should I choose or not choose for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma?”. The addon multi-disciplinary team includes cancer physicians, clinical scientists, software engineers and data scientists.

References

• Tmb Mskcc 2018
• Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes.
• L-Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth by Inducing IRE/JNK/CHOP-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated p62/SQSTM1 Accumulation in the Nucleus.
• β-Sitosterol and Gemcitabine Exhibit Synergistic Anti-pancreatic Cancer Activity by Modulating Apoptosis and Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Deactivating Akt/GSK-3β Signaling.
• Anti-Metastatic Effects of Lupeol via the Inhibition of MAPK/ERK Pathway in Lung Cancer.